viii LABORATORY AND FIELD EXERCISES 



PAGE 



Gymnosperms (Softwood Trees) 159 



Angiosperms (Hardwood Trees) 161 



B. HERBACEOUS DICOTYLEDONS 107 



A Method of recording Field Observations 167 



Ranunculaceae 171 



Violaceae 173 



Cruciferae 175 



Leguminosae 177 



Rosaceae 179 



Compositae 181 



SECTION XII. FIELD WORK (MONOCOTYLEDONS) 



A. TRADESCANTIA, TULIP, AND OTHER MONOCOTYLEDONS . . 185 



B. SOLOMON'S SEAL (POLYGOXATUM AND SMILACINA) . . . 188 



C. IRIDACEAE AND ARACEAE 190 



D. GRAMINEAE 191 



SECTION XIII. PLANT ASSOCIATIONS 



Nature and Composition of Plant Associations 192 



Kinds of Associations 194 



Origin of New Associations 195 



INDEX . . 197 



