CONTENTS vii 



PAGE 



B. THE FUNGI 86 



Yeast 86 



Bacteria 89 



Molds .'. 92 



Mushrooms and their Allies 97 



Mushrooms and their Allies (Rusts and Smuts) .... 100 



Lichens 101 



Lilac Mildew 102 



SECTION VII. BRYOPHYTA (LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES) 



A. HEPATIC^ (LIVER WORTS) 103 



B. Musci (MoBSKs) 108 



SECTION VIII. PTERIDOPHYTA (FERNS, EQUISETA, 

 AND LYCOPODS) 



.1. FILICALES (TRUE FERNS) 113 



B. EQUISETALES (HORSETAILS) 123 



C. L YCOPODIALES (CLUB MOSSES) . 126 



Lycopodium 126 



Selaginella 127 



SECTION IX. GYMNOSPERMS 



A. CYCADALES (CYCADS) 130 



B. CONIFERALES (SPRUCES AND PlNES) 135 



SECTION X. ANGIOSPERMS (DICOTYLEDONS) 



Sporophyte 143 



Capsella (Shepherd's Purse) 149 



PART III. THE SPRING FLORA 



SECTION XI. FIELD WORK (DICOTYLEDONS) 



A. TREES AND SHRUBS 155 



A Method of recording Field Observations ...... 155 



