THE SPRING FLOKA 165 



examination ? Is the bark on the trunk rough or 

 smooth, furrowed or flaky, corky or indurated, in 

 texture ? 



f. Leaves and the liyht relation. Observe the form and 



texture of the leaves and their arrangement with 

 reference to light. Have they distinct differences in 

 form and arrangement which facilitate lighting by 

 the sun ? Have they distinct organs or methods for 

 tropistic response which expose them favorably to 

 light ? Do they form mosaics ? 



g. Outline sketch. Draw an outline sketch, similar to the 



figures of the elm in Part I, to illustrate the above 

 points relative to habit. For the first studies the 

 student may well draw a series of figures, similar to 

 Fig. 11, a-f, to show the relation of body plan, growth, 

 and pruning to the ultimate form and leaf exposure 

 of the tree. 



3. Reproduction. Study the inflorescence, flowers, fruits, and 

 seeds of the species you are observing, as follows : 



a. Inflorescence. Are the flowers solitary in the axils of 



leaves or are they borne in clusters ? In the latter 

 case determine the kind and the general structure 

 of the inflorescence. Consult the text description 

 of the kinds of inflorescence under Descriptive Terms. 



b. Floivers. Study the structure, floral plan, and pollina- 



tion features of the flowers under the following 

 headings, determining which terms are applicable to 

 the species being studied. Consult the text under 

 Descriptive Terms. 



(1) Structure. Are the flowers complete or incomplete, 

 perfect or imperfect, regular or irregular in form ? 

 Are they hypogynous, perigynous, or epigynous 

 in the relation of their floral parts ? 



