172 LABORATORY AND FIELD EXERCISES 



what season do the different kinds of roots originate? 

 Note the place of origin of each kind of root from 

 the stem in young and mature plants. Do they 

 originate at the same time and in the same manner? 

 Save your specimen for a drawing in connection 

 with the seasonal life of the buttercup. 

 d. Summarize the above facts relating to habitat and 

 habit in your notes or on a Field Species Record. 



3. Reproduction. 



a. Flower scapes. Note the origin, and the position 



assumed by the flower scapes. What outside forces 

 act as stimuli in orienting the flower scapes ? Are 

 they adjusted so as to expose the flowers and fruits 

 properly for pollination and seed dissemination ? 



b. Flowers. What is the floral plan of the flowers luider 

 * observation ? What are the adaptations for pollination ? 



Is the flower self-pollinating, close-pollinating, or 

 cross-pollinating? Note any special devices for 

 pollination. 



c. Eecord your observations in the Species Eecord under 



Pollination features. Construct suitable drawings to 

 show the pollinating device. 



d. Fruit and seeds. To what class of fruits do the fruits 



of the plants you are observing belong ? Consult 

 the text, under Descriptive Terms in Part III, and 

 Fig. 221. Eecord your results by drawings and terms 

 giving the kind and class of the fruit. 



4. Seasonal life. Are the buttercups and hepaticas annual, 



biennial, or perennial plants ? What advantage is it to 

 them that they flower in spring ? Consider this point 

 in connection with their plant associates and their 

 habitat. Is their active food-building, like their repro- 

 ductive functions, carried on mainly in the spring? 



