190 LABORATORY AND FIELD EXERCISES 



(2) Pollination features. Ascertain whether the flowers 



are self-pollinating, close-pollinating, or cross- 

 pollinating. Are there special devices for securing 

 pollination ? 



(3) Drawings. Construct a ground plan of the flower 



and outline drawings of the flowers in long sec- 

 tion to illustrate the relation of anthers and 

 stigma at the time of pollination. 



c. Fruit and seed. To what class does the fruit belong ? 

 Are there special devices for seed dissemination ? 



5. Seasonal life. Is the plant you are studying an annual, a 



biennial, or a perennial ? What are the seasonal func- 

 tions of the aerial stem and rhizome ? Construct a series 

 of figures to illustrate the seasonal life of Polygonatum 

 or Smilacina. 



6. Analysis. By means of a manual ascertain the scientific 



name of the species studied. 



C. IRIDACEAE AND ARACEAE 



1. Habitat and habit. Study one species of Iris and one of 



Arum, using the same general plan as that outlined 

 above for Polygonatum and Smilacina. Be able to 

 explain the seasonal life and environmental relations 

 of each. 



2. Reproduction. Consult the text explanations and discus- 



sion of Iris and jack-iu-the-pulpit. 



a. Floral plan. Determine the floral plan in each case. 



b. Structure. Are the flowers hypogynous, perigynous, or 



epigynous ? Are they complete, perfect, and regular ? 

 Distinguish between the parts of the perianth. Do 

 you find stamens and pistil of the regular type 

 characteristic of monocotyledons ? 



