xiv INTRODUCTION. 



results, that you had better give your roads only enough 

 curve or crown to shed water properly. It will be also 

 found in many places, even within the home grounds, that 

 gutters by the side of the road are essential ; and invari- 

 ably well-assorted broken stones should underlie the drive- 

 way for the purpose of drainage. With the additional oft- 

 quoted remark on the maintenance of roads, that "a stitch 

 in time saves nine," I shall forego all further talk in these 

 pasres about the construction of paths and roads. 



A O J- 



The question of the curves or course of paths and 

 roads, in relation to adjacent lands and buildings, is, how- 

 ever, a legitimate query for the reader to make, and of that 

 I shall have something definite to say. Roads and paths 

 are, it must be confessed, necessary evils that add no land- 

 scape beauty to the place, and must be simply tolerated 

 because they are needed to get about the grounds. In de- 

 vising the location and course of roads and paths, it 

 becomes, therefore, our duty to seek to minimize their 

 essential ugliness, and to contrive how to manage with as 

 few of them as possible. 



Constructing lawns and laying out lines of paths and 

 roads having been discussed, the plan of my chapters next 

 induces me to ask the readw to imagine a rough, undulating 

 country-place with, perhaps, a ravine or two on one side of 

 it. As one looks at the natural arrangement of rocks on 

 the hillside it should be readily apparent that the treat- 

 ment of steep and sloping grounds needs consideration as 

 well as that of the more level lawns. Trees, shrubs, flower 

 gardens, and level lawns, every one knows something of 

 them. There are few, however, who have ever given seri- 



