THE AIMS OF LANDSCAPE-GARDENING 19 



tionable because each contains two words. 

 "Landscape" is common to all, and if but one word 

 were to be used, "landscaper" would seem to be 

 the most appropriate. It would be used just as 

 is "painter." The "landscaper" would landscape 

 a tract of land, a park or a home. His work would 

 be "landscaping," and when finished, the tract of 

 land on which he had worked would be "land- 

 scaped." 



The term used in this volume is the one that has 

 been generally adopted by those who have written 

 on the subject of which it treats, among whom the 

 name of A. J. Downing stands prominently, be- 

 cause the wide influence of his writings entitles 

 him to the distinction of being considered the 

 father of landscape-gardening in this country. 



In the following pages the materials employed 

 in this art and some of the general principles of 

 the art will first be considered ; and then the prin- 

 ciples will be applied to the treatment of special 

 cases. 



THE ART EXPRESSION 



The beginning of every fine art is hidden in ob- 

 scurity. It has been gradually developed until 



