PLANTING 23 



good only for plants having roots like carrots. If large clumps are 

 broken apart, or if roots are broken or diseased, the affected parts should 

 be severed with a clean, sharp cut. Broken roots that are not cut are 

 apt to become diseased. The depth of planting is determined by the 

 nature and habit of the plant. 



When the stock can be secured early, spring is usually the best 

 time for planting perennials, for the danger of winter killing can be 

 avoided. Spring planting should be done as early as possible after 

 the ground has become mellow enough to be worked. 



Fall planting is also desirable especially when the planting can be 

 done early enough to enable the plants to get established. Peonies 

 and Iris do better if planted in the fall. Fall-planted perennials are 

 more apt to flower the first season. Fall planting should be done as 

 early as possible to allow the plants to become established in their new 

 locations. It is safe to start fall planting after the hot dry period of sum- 

 mer has passed and the early fall rains have started. When planted 

 in the fall, all perennials should be covered to prevent their being 

 winter-killed or heaved out by the frost. (See Page 26 for coverings). 



PLANTING ROSES 



Both fall and spring planting of roses is desirable. Rugosas, 

 hybrid perpetuals, and hardy climbers may be set out in the fall as a 

 rule. In most localities, early spring planting is best for the more 

 tender sorts. In the extreme north where there are strong drying winds 

 in winter, early spring planting is best for all varieties. Fall planting 

 should start as soon as the leaves have fallen. Spring planting should 

 be done as early as possible after the soil has become mellow. 



Roses require a plentiful supply of organic matter in the soil, thor- 

 ough drainage, and a water supply which is reasonably constant 

 throughout the growing season. With these requirements satisfied, 

 roses are adaptable to a wide range of soils, but as a rule they prefer 

 soils of the heavier type. 



Roses should be planted in the same manner as shrubs (see Page 

 18) using the same care in every detail. All grafted roses should be 

 planted deep enough to bring the joint between the root stock and top 

 at least two inches below the surface of the ground. Unless this is 

 done the strong sturdy root is liable to send up a shoot which, if not 

 cut off, will flourish in growth, causing the grafted top to die. In place 

 of a fine attractive rose there will appear a straggly wild sort. 



The pruning of roses for planting differs according to the type of 

 rose being planted and the purpose for which it is to be used. Newly 

 planted roses need more severe pruning than those already established. 

 Weak growth always requires more cutting back than stronger growth 



