WALLS, FENCES AND GATEWAYS 31 



the eye is arrested by the lattice work and the objectionable view goes 

 unnoticed, even though it might be seen by close scrutiny. 



As a division between different areas the wall or fence may be 

 much below the level of the eye. For instance a lattice fence of 2'/2 

 feet might be designed to set off the vegetable garden from the remain- 

 der of the grounds; such a fence would shut off the view of the grow- 

 ing vegetables and would afford a strong line of demarcation in an 

 area of foliage and flowers. 



As a support for grapes or vines a lattice fence should be con- 

 structed with the lattice strips at least six inches apart. A pergola 

 effect along the top of the fence will often prove attractive, and affords 

 additional support for the flowers or grapes. 



A masonry wall should be built upon a foundation which should 

 go down below the frost line. When brick is used for a wall the 

 coping may be of either stone, concrete, tile or brick. Brick, probably, 

 being the least desirable of these materials, for, although attractive, it 

 does not withstand the seasons of freezing and thawing as well as the 

 other materials named. 



White pine, redwood, or cypress, are excellent woods for lattice con- 

 struction. The posts, which extend into the ground, may be of white 

 cedar, redwood, chestnut, cypress, or black locust. The posts should, 

 of course, be placed far enough in the ground to make them firm. Such 

 posts are often set in concrete; they will, however, last much longer 

 when properly creosoted and set in tSe plain earth. Possibly the best 

 method of construction to secure long life for the posts is to set a three- 

 foot pier of concrete in the ground and attach the wooden posts to iron 

 plates which are set in the concrete, thus keeping the posts above the 

 concrete and yet close enough to ground to prevent the method of con- 

 struction from being perceptible. 



In lattice construction the joints are often mortised together, but 

 in any case the construction should be done carefully. A few lattice 

 strips tacked together do not make a fence. Lattice fences are gen- 

 erally painted white; although dark stain is often effective. 



The gateway should be in character with the fence or wall. A 

 few general types of gateways are shown in the accompanying draw- 

 ing. (Fig. 12). 



