72 LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN DIVING BIRDS 



taken in June), Kurile Islands (Simushir) and Japan (near Hako- 

 date July 13). May occasionally reach northern Labrador and 

 southern Greenland. 



Winter range. South mainly along the Pacific coast. From 

 southern British Columbia (Puget Sound region) to Lower Cali- 

 fornia (at least, to San Quentin Bay, perhaps farther south). Some 

 Alaskan bird may winter on the Asiatic coast (Japan, Tojiri, one 

 taken March 14) and in the Aleutian Islands; and it is possible that 

 individuals from the interior may pass the winter in the southern 

 part of James Bay. 



Spring migration. Northward in April and May. Lower Cali- 

 fornia: San Quentin Bay, April 12; Coronados Islands, May 15. 

 California: Santa Cruz Island, April 12 to 15, Santa Barbara, April 

 28 to May 4; Monterey, occasionally to June 10. Southeastern 

 Alaska: Forrester Island, May 1 to 25; Admiralty Islands, May 5. 

 Northwestern Alaska: Yukon mouth, May 15 to 25 ; Kotzebue Sound, 

 May 26 (earliest); Point Barrow, June 4, 1882, and June 13, 1883. 

 Arctic coast: Demarcation Point, June 3. Dates for the Mackenzie 

 region are late, July 2 being the earliest at Fort MacPherson. 

 Yukon Territory: Forty Mile, May 28. Melville Peninsula, June 28. 



Fall migration. Southward in September. Last seen at Hudson 

 Bay: Cape Churchill, August 24. Mackenzie: Great Bear Lake, 

 September 9 ; mouth of Coppermine River, taken in October. North- 

 western Alaska: Point Barrow, September 28 (and later); St. 

 Michael, September 16. Southeastern Alaska: Valdez Narrows, 

 September 18. They arrive on the coast of California during Sep- 

 tember; the single Arizona bird was taken September 20 and a Colo- 

 rado (Breckenridge) bird November 15. 



Casual records. Guadaloupe Island (one found dead in 1875), 

 Arizona (Fort Verde), New Mexico (near Clayton), Iowa (near 

 Sabula), and New York (Long Island, April 29). The Long Island 

 and Iowa birds have been erroneously recorded as arctica. 



Egg dates. Mackenzie: 57 records, June 10 to July 23; 30 rec- 

 ords, June 23 to July 4. Northern Alaska: 8 records, June 15 to 

 July 6; 4 records, June 17 to 30. Hudson Bay: 3 records, June 8, 

 July 1 and 14. 



Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan) 

 RED-THROATED LOON 



HABITS 



The rugged coast of Labrador, with its chain of rocky islands, ice- 

 bound for nine months of the year and enveloped in fog or swept 

 with chilling blasts from drifting icebergs during most of the other 

 three, seems bleak and forbidding enough as we pick our way 

 through the narrow channels back of the outer islands. But in the 



