162 LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN DIVING BIRDS 



Cepphus mandti (Mandt) 

 MANDT'S GUILLEMOT 



HABITS 



The northern "sea pigeon" is essentially a bird of the Arctic Ocean, 

 though it also breeds in portions of Hudson Bay and the North 

 Atlantic, where it can find practically Arctic conditions in summer. 

 It has been seen as far north as 84 in summer, and apparently 

 pushes northwards in the spring as fast and as far as the leads open 

 in the ice. 



Mr. W. Elmer Ekblaw writes to me as follows: 



If any water bird in the Smith Sound region merits the adjective ubiquitous, 

 the guillemot certainly does. Throughout the entire extent of the northwest 

 Greenland coast and along the shores of Ellesmereland this active, pigeon- 

 like bird is found throughout the open season; in the open water of the sound 

 it finds sustenance even in the dark of winter. There is no fjord so deep that 

 the guillemot does not enter into its head; there is no promontory so stormy 

 or so steep that the guillemot does not frequent it. As there is hardly a rock 

 ledge on land that does not form the home or hunting ground of the snow bunt- 

 ing so along the coast there is no ledge or cliff that does not afford a home and 

 nesting site to one or many guillemots. 



This species has been said to breed in northern Labrador, and 

 perhaps it may do so in the vicinity of Cape Chidley, but all the birds 

 that we collected as far north as Nain proved to be Cepphus grylle. 

 Mr. Lucien M. Turner did not find it breeding in Hudson Strait and 

 saw only occasional pairs or solitary individuals. According to Rev. 

 C. W. G. Eifrig (1905), the Canadian Neptune Expedition found 

 this species "at Cape Fullerton, where they are common summer 

 and winter, as also throughout Hudson Bay and northward; some 

 were seen at North Devon." 



Nesting. Mr. Ekblaw describes the nesting habits of Mandt's 

 guillemot quite fully, as follows: 



The birds begin mating about the 1st of June; the first eggs are laid about the 

 10th or 15th of June, though some pairs begin more than a month later. The 

 mating act takes place on the edge of the ice along the leads of the open water, 

 or on the small pans of ice floating about. The mating antics suggest those of 

 domestic ducks. It is not so gregarious in nesting time as are the kitti wakes, 

 the murres, or the fulmars; single pairs not infrequently are the sole occupants 

 of a ledge or cliff, but generally they have considerable company of their own 

 species. It does not avoid the proximity of other birds, nor does it seek their 

 company. It nests in crevices and joint fissures in the rocks rather than on 

 ledges, and this choice of nesting place determines the assemblage of its own 

 kind and other species with which it may be found. If the crevices be numerous, 

 and near good feeding grounds, many guillemots may be associated; if ledges 

 suitable to the nesting of other species are found about the crevices, then usu- 

 ally the company is mixed; or if the right kind of talus slope be near, the 

 dovekie may nest beside or above it. Because it thus frequents the crevices and 

 deep niches in the rocks rather than the ledges, it is not so readily detected at 



