564 



INDEX 



illustrates Bot. Mag., ii. 243 n., 

 481 n. ; acknowledgments to, Pre- 

 face, vii 



Smith, Kobertson, x Club guest, 

 i. 544 



Smyrna, comfort of Europeans in- 

 ferior to India, i. 529 



Snowdon, storm on, ii. 203 



Solander, Dr., i. 10 n., 139 ; Wedg- 

 wood cameo of, ii. 437 



' Solomon Grundy,' i. 197-8 



Sender, O. W., i. 468 and note; 

 ii. 15 



South Georgia, i. 83 



South Shetlands, i. 53, 139 



Spach, i. 472 



Spain, botanising in, i. 433, ii. 91 



SparshaU, Mr., i. 4 



Species, on naming, i. 56, 83 ; 

 difficulties in Galapagos collections, 

 169, 443 ; first discoverers of, 173 ; 

 changes in nomenclature, 174, 190 ; 

 -making, 174 ; quot homines, 176 ; 

 and varieties, 190, 221 ; fixity of, 

 shaken by wide knowledge, 366-8, 

 abandoned in Tasmanian Essay, 

 353, 504-9 ; no common standard 

 of differentiation, 367, for peculiar 

 species, 438, 443, and varieties, 

 456; reduced by careful exami- 

 nation, 422 ; an argument for 

 reduction, 444 ; validity of, 441 ; 

 mundane, labour of establishing, 

 442 ; botanists differ as to, 443 ; 

 shaken to their foundations by 

 intermediates, 447, op. 449 ; are 

 very few, 447 ; Bentham begins 

 to ' lump,' 453 ; Decaisne also 

 follows H.'s lead, ib. ; objective 

 and subjective, 455, 478-9, 485; 

 personal idiosyncrasy in placing, 

 458, as new or varieties, ib., 467 ; 

 the two aims of systematists, 454 ; 

 a definition of, 466 ; in improving 

 classification H. reduces species, 

 466 sq. ; many specimens required 

 for determination, 466, but prove 

 many species to be varieties, 467 

 (cp. ii. 286) ; ' swimming in 

 synonymy,' ib. ; created by ex- 

 tinction of intermediates, 470, 505; 

 and habit, 472, 475; number of 

 known, 473; synonymy, 473; 

 domestic varieties ranked as, 474 ; 

 fixity of, and an open mind, ib., 

 607, 508 g. ; mutability of, 



adopted in Tasmanian Essay, 481 

 sq. , 484 ; transitional forms not 

 found at once, 497 ; influence of 

 external conditions, 498 ; ' species ' 

 the coin of science, 505 ; extent of 

 mutability, 506 ; centrifugal varia- 

 tion, ib. ; regulation of, ib. rever- 

 sion, ib. ; bigoted idea of the term, 

 508 and note 



Limits of, contrast between 

 Gray's and Hooker's manuals, 

 ii. 235, 236 n. ; merged by great 

 numbers of specimens, 286 (cp. i. 

 467) ; founded on single specimens, 

 397, 401 ; mutability of, 421 ; the 

 struggle over, 427 ; how regarded 

 by the two Hookers, 421 ; H.'s 

 view in relation to Darwin, 427 



' Species Filicum,' work on, i. 169 



Spence, William, i. 98 and note, 30 ; 

 ii. 429 



Spencer, Herbert, i. 526 n. ; quoted 

 by Dr. Draper, 526 ; in the x 

 Club, 538, 539; metaphysics, 543 ; 

 the guardian of order, 543, 544 ; 

 ' the battle of the ladies,' 544 



Power to appreciate Pangenesis, 

 ii. 110; the unknowable, 119, 

 quoted, ib., 120 ; a forgotten 

 opinion, 194 ; scientific reason for 

 variation, 306 ; on acquired habits, 

 348; reads, 434; his works and 

 non-scientific readers, 454 ; his 

 educational ideas, ' for bachelors' 

 children,' ib. 



Spottiswoode, W., i. 540 n. ; in the 

 * Club, i. 540, 541, 542, 545 



A social centre, ii. 82, 192 ; 

 Magee's sermon, 119; liberality, 

 136; as Treas. R. S., 135, 139; 

 researches, 141 ; aid in Ayrton 

 affair, 171 ; Darwin's funeral, 259 ; 

 death while P.R.S., 263, i. 545 



Sprengel, K., i. 131 and note 



Stanley, Dean, ii. 56 



Stanley, Lord, i. 174 



Stapf, 0., ii. 286 and note, 287, 288 

 bis, 290 



Steenbock, Count, ii. 188 



Stephens, J. F. (1792-1852), F.L.S., 

 i. 26. He published ' Illustrations 

 of British Entomology,' 1827- 

 37 



Steuarts, early friends of J. D. H., 

 i. 156 



Steudel (cp. Index Kewensis), mul- 



