DARWIN. 97 



goes on to exemplify the survival of the fittest, though in 

 other words. Mr. Patrick Matthew, in 1831, published 

 a work on " Naval Timber and Arboriculture," in which 

 he expressed, in scattered passages, a view nearly re- 

 sembling Darwin's. 



The fourth edition of "The Origin," in 1866, was 

 longer, by fifty pages, than its predecessor. Among 

 the additions may be mentioned a fuller treatment 

 of the argument from embryology, which was made 

 stronger by later investigations. The fifth edition (1869) 

 was comparatively little increased in bulk, though altered 

 in many details. In particular it contained a somewhat 

 important change relating to the extent of the influence 

 of natural selection. This is also referred to in " The 

 Descent of Man" (first edition, vol. i. pp. 152-3), where the 

 author says he had not formerly considered sufficiently the 

 existence of many structures which appeared to be neither 

 beneficial nor injurious, and had attributed too much to 

 natural selection. " I was not able," he says, " to annul 

 the influence of my former belief, then widely prevalent, 

 that each species had been purposely created ; and this 

 led to my tacitly assuming that every detail of structure, 

 excepting rudiments, was of some special, though unrecog- 

 nised, service. ... If I have erred in giving to natural 

 selection great power, which I am far from admitting, 

 or in having exaggerated its power, which is in itself 

 probable, I have, at least, as I hope, done good service 

 in aiding to overthrow the dogma of separate creations." 



The sixth edition (1872), in smaller type, was con- 

 siderably revised and altered, and remains permanent. 

 A glossary of scientific terms was added by Mr. W. S. 

 7 



