beaver from places where they do damage to the upper 

 reaches of small streams, where their dams will aid in a 

 conservation program. Iowa is constructing a number of 

 artificial lakes for recreational purposes. New Jersey has 

 constructed since 1933 some 1,200 dams and snags in the 

 open streams and these have doubled the fish capacity of the 

 streams affected. 



The relations of the Federal Government to the problem 

 of control of small headwater streams and other small waters 

 has already been indicated. The principal responsibility of 

 the Federal Government involving direct action, frequently 

 in cooperation with the States, has thus far lain in the realm 

 of big-water problems navigation, flood control, irrigation, 

 reclamation, forest reserves, national parks, and so on. It 

 now appears necessary that the Federal Government give 

 not less attention to the problem of little waters. There 

 are three principal ways in which it can and should bring 

 its weight to bear in promoting conservation of heretofore 

 wasted little waters and elimination of erosion : (a) continu- 

 ation and extension of its research and educational work, 

 including demonstrations, through such agencies as Soil Con- 

 servation Service, the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, 

 the Forest Service, the Geological Survey, the Biological 

 Survey, experiment stations, county agents, and so on, co- 

 ordinating these into a more effective group for planning 

 and directing definite local programs; (b) establishing a per- 

 manent system of contributions to local projects, in cooper- 

 ation with the States funds, scientific, engineering, super- 

 visory and other technical ability, and worker groups of 

 C. C. C. type; and (c) by permissive and directive legislation 

 which would facilitate the organization of small community 

 districts or authorities whose physical characteristics indicate 

 the necessity of an interstate conservation area. 



As was said in the section on basic principles, physical 

 factors have no regard for political boundaries. Problem 

 areas do not coincide with political areas. The problems of 

 such an area must be solved as a whole. Individual actions 

 may be taken within an area, but to be economical and 



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