168 SUCCESSFUL FARMING 1 



The breath of animals in health is inoffensive. In disease it may 

 become ' intensely disagreeable. It may indicate bad teeth, pus in the 

 sinuses or chronic catarrhal conditions. Septic and gangrenous pneumonia 

 is accompanied by foulness of breath. 



The nasal discharges signify various conditions by their quantity, 

 color, consistency, odor, and by the presence of particles of food, blood, etc. 



They afford an excellent opportunity for examination of the quantity 

 and the character of capillary blood circulation and characteristic evidences 

 of particular diseases. 



The cough is indicative of various conditions such as heaves, bronchitis 

 or pneumonia. 



8. The Mouth. An examination of the mouth is of particular impor- 

 tance, inasmuch as it exposes to view mucous surfaces which are altered in 

 some diseases. It allows an opportunity for judging age, by the characters 

 upon the teeth; and further, the amounts of secretion present indicate the 

 degree to which the secretory glands are disturbed. 



9. The Kidneys and Bowels. Direct examination of the kidneys and 

 bowels is only safely conducted by experienced and trained men, but the 

 stockman has an opportunity to examine the urine and the excrement. He 

 should note the amount, color, consistency and any unusual odor of either. 

 He should observe the frequency of the evacuations and whether they were 

 made without causing distress. 



Rational Measures for Treatment. Not until after having made a 

 critical examination of the sick patient is the stockman or attendant 

 justified in the attempt to supply remedial measures. 



If the condition of the patient justifies it, the services of a veterinarian 

 should be secured promptly. If, on the other hand, there is no necessity 

 for professional services, it is advisable that a comparison be made of the 

 symptoms presented by the animal and the symptoms described in books 

 on diseases of animals. When these are found to closely correspond, then, 

 and only then, should the administration of medicines be begun. Many 

 animals are destroyed or permanently ruined by unwise treatment. The 

 eagerness "to do something" for these animals prevents proper deliberation 

 and proper judgment, and the result is that the "cure is worse than the ill." 



REFERENCES/ 



"Common Diseases of Farm Animals." Craig. - t 

 "Care of Animals." Mayo. 

 "Diseases of Animals." Mayo. 

 Kentucky Expt. Station Circulars: 



5. "A Remedy for Clover Bloat." 



7. "Blackhead of Turkey." 



Montana Expt. Station Bulletin 105. "Intradermal Test for Bovine Tuberculosis " 

 Ohio Expt. Station Bulletin 280. "Important Animal Parasites." 

 Canadian Dept. of Agriculture Bulletin. "A Plain Statement of Facts 



Tuberculosis." 

 Farmers' Bulletins, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture: 



351. "Tuberculin Test." 



