A LIVING FROM THE LAND 



ing it to the surface and piping it to locations 

 where it is wanted. Higher standards of living 

 create new and increased demands for water. 



Water for domestic use should be clear, 

 colorless, odorless, soft, neither strongly acid 

 nor alkaline, with a temperature averaging 

 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Such water supplies can 

 be obtained in nearly every section of the coun- 

 try. Hot water is necessary in every home and 

 there must be a heater of some type, using coal, 

 petroleum products, natural or artificial gas 

 or electricity for fuel. For this purpose a hot- 

 water storage boiler or tank must be installed. 



The Dug Well. A dug well is one of the older 

 types of wells. It should be large enough in 

 diameter to permit ingress and egress to all 

 parts of it for repairs or for cleaning. Most dug 

 wells require cleaning occasionally, due to the 

 entrance of dirt at the top and to the washing 

 in of clay and silt with the ground water. Many 

 of these wells contain harmful gases which 

 have proved fatal to those entering them. Before 

 an attempt is made to clean such a well or to 

 make any repairs, a lighted candle should be 

 lowered into it. If the candle is extinguished, it 

 will be dangerous to enter until the well has 

 been thoroughly ventilated. 



A dug well will vary in depth from 20 to 

 60 feet, depending upon the distance it is 



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