4 SlMIIDjE. 



II. No tail; stature sometimes erect, some- 



times not ; hallux opposable ; arm longer 

 than leg; an interval between upper 

 canines and incisors ; canines in adults 

 longer than incisors Simiidae. 



III. A tail almost always present; stature 

 never erect ; hallux opposable ; arm not 

 longer than leg; an interval between 

 upper canines and incisors; canines in 



adults longer than incisors Cercopithecidae. 



B. Premolars |, molars f or ; thumb not op- 

 posable ; hallux always opposable ; inter- 

 nasal septum broad. (Platyrrhini, all Ame - 

 rican.) 



IV. M. | ; tail in many cases prehensile Cebidae. 



V. M. f ; tail not prehensile Hapalidae. 



The family Hominidce comprises but one genus, and, according to 

 the views usually accepted, but one species, Man. Naturalists have 

 differed as to the physical relations of Man to other animals, but 

 most modern writers have returned to the views of Linnaeus, and 

 class Man with the Monkeys, but in a distinct family*. No attempt 

 will be made in the present work to enter into the anthropology of 

 India ; the subject requires a volume to itself. 



The Cehidce and Hapalidce are confined to America. Bepresenta- 

 tives of the Simiidce and Cercopitliecidce are found within the 

 Indian area. 



Family 



The Simiidce, or anthropoid Apes, comprise the Gorilla, Chim- 

 panzee, Orang-outang, and Gibbous. The first two are peculiar to 

 Africa, the Orang-outang inhabits Sumatra and Borneo, whilst the 

 Gibbons, forming the genus Hylobates, are found throughout 

 South-eastern Asia and some of the neighbouring islands, but not 

 west of the Bay of Bengal. They are the only members of the 

 family occurring within our area. 



In Pliocene times, however, it is probable that two large an- 

 thropoid Apes inhabited Northern India. One of these, Troglo- 

 dytes sivalensis, was allied to the Chimpanzee, whilst a canine 

 tooth indicates a form very closely approaching the Orang-outang. 

 Eemains of both have been found in the Siwalik beds of the 

 Punjab. 



* On this subject the following works may be consulted : Darwin, ' The 

 Descent of Man ; ' Huxley, 'Man's Place in Nature; ' Mivart, under the article 

 " Ape," and Flower, under " Mammalia," in the ' Encyclopaedia Britannica.' 

 9th edit. 



