MACACUS. 11 



(subsequently modified by F. Cuvier and Desmarest into Macacus) 

 and of Inuus of Cuvier was the same animal, the Magot or 

 Barbary Ape (Simla inuus, L.). 



The length of the tail is certainly, by itself, not, a sufficient 

 generic distinction amongst these monkeys, for there is a complete 

 gradation from the tailless M. inuus, through the stump-tailed 

 M. arctoides, to the pig-tailed M. nemestrinus, and thence to M. 

 rhesus, which leads to the long-tailed Macaques. The most peculiar 

 of the Indian forms is J/. silenus, which has by some naturalists 

 been made the type of a distinct genus, Silenus. Even in this case, 

 however, the only difference of any importance, the presence of a 

 ruff of long hair round the face, is scarcely of generic rank. In 

 the present work, all the Indian, Burmese, and Ceylonese species 

 are comprised under Macaeus. 



A. species of Macacns and two of Cynocephalus (the latter, as 

 already noticed, now peculiar to Africa) have been discovered fossil 

 in the Pliocene Siwalik beds of the Punjab. A tooth of Cyno- 

 cephalus has also been found in the Pleistocene deposits of the 

 Kurnool caves. 



Genus MACACUS, Lacepede (1801). 

 Syn. Inuus, Cuv. ; Silenus, Gray. 



Body and limbs stout, tail variable. Males larger than females 

 and with larger canines. Ischial callosities well developed. 

 Cheek-pouches large. Muzzle considerably produced ; nostrils 

 opening obliquely some distance short of the end of the muzzle. 

 Last molar of lower jaw with five tubercles. Dentition, as 

 throughout the family, i. |, c. J~, pm. |^|, m. |^|. Yertebral 

 formula C. 7, D. 12 (occasionally 13), L. 7 (or 6), S. 3, C. 10-22. 



The Macaques are much more compactly built than the Semno- 

 pitheci, and have shorter limbs and a considerably longer muzzle. 

 The species of the present genus resemble each other in their 

 habits j they are found in flocks, often of considerable size, and 

 generally composed of both sexes and of all ages. They are active 

 animals, though less rapid in their movements, whether on trees 

 or on the ground, than the Semnopitheci. Their food is varied, 

 most of the species, if not all, eating insects as well as seeds, 

 fruits, &c., and one kind feeding partly on Crustacea. They have 

 occasionally been known to devour lizards, and, it is said, frogs 

 also. All have the habit of cramming food into their cheek- 

 pouches for mastication at leisure, a practice that must be familiar 

 to any one who has fed monkeys in confinement. 



The voice and gestures of all * the species are similar and differ 

 entirely from those of both the Gibbons and Semnopitheci. Tickell 

 notices this in his MS. notes, and gives the following details, which 

 are worthy of extraction : " Anger is generally silent, or, at most, 



* M . silenus may be an exception, as it is said to have a peculiar call. I have 

 had no opportunities of observing this species in the wild state. '~- . '*+. . - ' 



