36 CEBCOPITHECID^. 



Fur dense and wavy, whiskers full. Long white hairs over the 

 toes. 



Colour. Yellowish white, faintly marked with brownish on the 

 bead, dusky over the shoulders and on the middle of the back. 

 Face and ears black. Soles and palms flesh-coloured. 



Dimensions. Apparently the same as those of S. ursinus. 



Distribution. Mountains of Southern Ceylon at considerable 

 elevations. 



Habits. This species or variety is said to be rare, but to be found 

 occasionally on the Ceylonese mountains in parties of three or four, 

 always apart from the other monkeys. Its occurrence was men- 

 tioned more than two centuries ago by Captain Eobert Knox. 



Although it is very possible that S. senex is simply a white 

 variety of 8. ursinus or S. ceplialopterus, it appears equally pro- 

 bable that the present species may be an allied but distinct form 

 now verging on extinction. The only specimen I have seen, a 

 young animal in the Leyden Museum, looked somewhat different 

 from both. I have not been able to compare the skull. 



19. Senmopithecus ursinus. The bear Monkey. 



Presbytis ursinus, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xx, pp. 155, 182 ; id. Cat. p. 13 ; 



Kelaart, Prod. p. 2. 

 Semnopithecus ursinus, Anderson, An. Zool. Res. p. 24. 



Maha Wanderu, Cing. 



Hair very long, 4 to 5 inches in length on the sides. Supra- 

 orbital black hairs scarcely longer than those of crown, but 

 coarser. 



The skull is said by Anderson to be shorter, with a greater zygo- 

 matic breadth than that of S. cephalopterus ; the face shorter, and 

 the nasals somewhat longer, besides other distinctions ; but it would 

 be necessary to examine more specimens before concluding that 

 these distinctions are constant. 



Colour. Dusky brown almost throughout ; hair on sides of face 

 and chin paler, greyish brown to white. Hands and feet dark or 

 black ; head above in some specimens more rufous than back, and 

 occiput grey. No grey tinge in the sacral region. 



Dimensions. Larger than S. ceplialopterus. Head and body 

 21 inches, tail 26, hand 5, foot 6|. 



Distribution. Mountains of Southern Ceylon, especially near 

 Newera Ellia. 



Habits. According to Kelaart, these monkeys are usually seen in 

 large numbers jumping on the trees, and when disturbed make a 

 short howling noise. Sir E. Tennant says that " at early morning, 

 ere the day begins to dawn, their loud and peculiar howl, which 

 consists of quick repetition of the sound Jwiv-how, may be frequently 

 heard in the mountain jungles." One of these animals has been 

 known to attack a coolie carrying a rice-bag. The flesh of this 

 monkey, as of S. johni, is eaten by certain castes of natives. 



