FELIS. 67 



tiger has been wounded, a herd of buffaloes are employed to drive 

 him out of the cover, which they do very etfectually, charging him 

 in a body if he does not retreat. 



In some parts of Southern India a plan is adopted of enclosing 

 a small area of jungle, into which a tiger has been traced, by nets. 

 The animal is then speared or shot when occasion offers. A full 

 account of this method is given by Sanderson in the work already 

 quoted. According to Jerdon, in the Wynaad tigers are driven 

 into a net and speared by a particular class of natives. 



It would be impossible to notice all the methods adopted for de- 

 stroying tigers. In some parts of the country traps are used, but 

 the cage-trap, though often successful in capturing panthers, is 

 seldom so with tigers. Tigers are occasionally taken in pitfalls. 

 A kind of figure-of-4 trap with a heavy platform loaded with 

 stones, that falls upon the tiger and crushes him, is used in parts 

 of Orissa and, I believe, elsewhere. In Burma a bow is set with a 

 poisoned dart, and let off by a string across the path. Spring-guns 

 have also been used. Poisoning the carcase of an animal killed by a 

 tiger is also resorted to in some cases, strychnine being chiefly used 

 for the purpose by Europeans, but it is not always effective. 



The age to which tigers live is not clearly ascertained. Sander- 

 son mentions an instance in which he killed a large cattle-eating 

 tiger that had been known to haunt a particular group of villages 

 for twenty years. This animal showed no signs of age except that 

 his coat was becoming light-coloured. 



Tigers captured young are easily tamed, and many of the adult 

 animals in menageries are perfectly good-tempered, and fond of 

 being noticed and caressed by those whom they know. They have 

 repeatedly bred in confinement, though not so freely as lions, and 

 the cubs more rarely survive. 



30. Felis pardus. The Leopard or Panther. 



Felia pardus, L. Syst. Nat. i, p. 61 (17C6); Blyth, Cat. p. 55; Jerdon, 



Mam. p. 97 ; Elliot, Man. Pel. pis. vi, vii. 

 Felis leopard us, Schreb. Sduyeth. iii, p. 387, pi. ci ; Kelaart, Prod. p. 45. 



Tendwa, Chita, Sona-chita, Chita-bdgh, Adndra, H. ; Palany, Pers. ; 

 Diho, Baluch. ; Siik, Kashmiri ; Tidua, Sriyhas, Bundelkand ; Gurbacha 

 or Borbacha, Deccau ; Karda, Asnea, Singhal, Bibia-bdyh, Mahr. ; Ten- 

 dmva, Bibla, Bauris of Deccan ; Honiga, Kerkal, Canarese ; leon-Kula, 

 Kol. ; Jei-kos, Paharia of Ilajmehal; JBurkdl, G or day, Gond. ; Sonora, 

 Korku; Chim-thai, Tarn.; Chinna-puli, Tel.; Puli, Mai. ; Kutiya, Cin- 

 galese ; Bai-hira, Tahir-he, Goral-he, or Ghor-he, hill-tribes near Simla 

 (according to Jerdon, generally known as Lakhar-bagha, a name elsewhere 

 used for the hyaena) ; Sik, Tibetan ; Syik or Syiak, or Seffiak, Lepcba ; 

 Kajenyla, Manipuri ; Misi patrai, Kam-kei, Kuki ; Hurrea kon, Morrh, 

 Rusa, Tekhu Khuia, Kekhi, Naga ; Kya-lak or Kya-thit, Burmese ; Kla- 

 preutiff, Taiain ; Kiche-phong , Karen ; Rimau-bintany, Malay. 



Pupil circular. Tail varying from rather more than half to 

 about three quarters the length of the head and body. Caudal 

 vertebrae usually 24 or 25, but varying, it is said, from 22 to 28. 



