254 CHIROPTERA. 



A. Crowns of the molar teeth with a 

 longitudinal furrow, not tubercular ; 

 second or index finger with three 

 phalanges besides the metacarpal 

 bone, and generally terminating in 

 a claw (in all Indian genera except 

 Eonycteris) ; the two margins of each 

 ear-conch meeting at the base. Fru- 



givorous I. MEGACHIROPTERA. 



Pteropodidae. 



B. Crowns of the molar teeth acutely 

 tubercular, with transverse furrows ; 

 second or index finger with a single 

 rudimentary phalanx (in Rhiiwpoma 

 only with two phalanges) and claw- 

 less ; the two margins of each ear- 

 conch arising from the head 

 separately. Carnivorous, and, for 

 the most part, insectivorous ...... II. MICROCHIROPTERA. 



. Tail contained within the inter- 

 femoral membrane, or very little 

 produced beyond its hinder mar- 

 gin. First phalanx of middle 

 finger extended, in repose, in a 

 line with the metacarpal bone, 

 a'. Tragus none, a complicated nose- 

 leaf Rhinolophidae. 



b'. Tragus present, a nose-leaf .... Nycteridae. 



c'. Tragus present, no nose-leaf Vespertilionidae. 



b. Tail perforating the interfemoral 

 membrane and appearing on its 

 upper surface, or produced con- 

 siderably beyond the truncated 

 membrane ; first phalanx of 

 middle finger folded, in repose, 

 on the dorsal surface of the meta- 

 carpal bone. 



a'. Two osseous phalanges (besides 

 metacarpal bone) in middle 

 finger. Tragus distinct, no 



nose-leaf Emballonuridae. 



b'. Three phalanges in middle finger. Phyllostomatidae 



(American) . 



All of the families except the Phyllostomatidce are represented in 

 India. 



The measurements of bats are in almost every case taken from 

 specimens preserved in alcohol. Like all other mammals, bats vary 

 considerably in their dimensions, the figures quoted being, when 

 several measurements are available, those of an average specimen. 



Bats are known generally as CTiamgidar in Hindi ; Sliab-par or 

 Shab-parak in Dakhani ; Chamguddri, Bengali ; Ohidgu at Bha- 

 gulpur ; Chutu bardwi in Ho Kol ; Gabbelai or Jiburai, Telegu ; 

 KanJca-pati, Canarese ; Vulhd, Cingalese ; Phiyu lonytd, Bhotia ; 

 Brin, Lepeha; Soshiro, Phakarang, and Sepcha, Naga. These 

 names are used for all species of Microchiroptera. 



