268 



EHINOLOPHIDVE. 



The greatly developed nose-leaf is evidently an organ of special 

 perception akin to touch*; the variations in the form of this 

 appendage are characteristic of the different species. The Khino- 

 lophidce are more nocturnal and less crepuscular than other insecti- 

 vorous Chiroptera a circumstance perhaps connected with the 

 development of the nose-leaf. 



13 



Fig. 80. A. Head of Rhinolophiis affinis, nat. size. B. Nose-leaf of K. hippo- 

 siderus, xf. C. Nose-leaf of Hipposiderus armiger, x2. a. Anterior 

 nose-leaf ; p, posterior nose-leaf ; s, sella. 



The family is found throughout the temperate and tropical parts 

 of the Eastern hemisphere and Australia, but not in Polynesia 

 east of New Guinea, nor in America. It is divided into two 

 subfamilies : 

 First toe with two, remaining toes with three 



joints each ; a distinct antitragus separated by 



a notch from the outer margin of the ear . 

 All the toes with two joints; no notch separating the 



antitragus from the outer margin of the ear. 

 It may be useful to repeat here that the measurements of bats, 

 mostly taken, with other details, from Dobson's work, are from 

 alcoholic specimens. 



Rhinolophince. 

 Hipposiderinas. 



Subfamily RHINOLOPHIN^. 

 Genus RHINOLOPHUS, Desm. (1803). 



The only genus in the subfamily. The nose-leaf is large and 

 perfect, all three parts (anterior, median, and posterior) being well 

 developed ; the anterior is horseshoe-shaped, usually with a deep 

 incision in the middle in front, and rests flatly on the muzzle, the 

 nostrils opening one inside each arm of the horseshoe ; between 

 and behind the nostrils the median nose-leaf or sella commence?, 

 the anterior portion being flat or recumbent on the nose, the con- 

 tinuation is then bent up and becomes an erect process, rising 

 vertically from the face and consisting in most cases of two lamellae 

 at right angles to each other, the anterior transverse, the posterior 

 .longitudinal; the latter usually forms a connecting-process and 



* Hutton observed that when the animals were disturbed the nose-leaves of 

 several Rhinolophidce were kept in a state of constant agitation. 



