RHINOLOPHUS. 279 



Colour of fur above reddish brown with a greyish tinge, beneath 

 pale grey, almost white. 



Dimensions. Head and body 2-35 inches, tail 1-55, ear from 

 anterior base 0-9, from crown of head 0-75, forearm 2-25. 



Distribution. Europe, Africa, and Asia north of the Himalayas, 

 not ranging quite so far north as 21. hipposiderus, but extending 

 to the Cape of 'Good Hope. Within Indian limits this species 

 has, like E. hipposiderus, only been found in Gilgit. 



Habits. In the day the greater horseshoe-bat hides in dry caves, 

 outhouses, ruins, and similar places, like so many of the other 

 Ehinolophi ; it appears rather late in the evening, flies low, and 

 keeps much about trees. Its flight is less well sustained than 

 that of It. hipposiderus. Scully found it very common in the low 

 hot valleys of Gilgit from about the middle of April to the end of 

 September, its vertical range being from about 4500 to 5500 feet. 



157. Rhinolophus tragatus. Hodgson s IIoi-seshoe-Bat. 



Rhinolophus tragatus, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. iv, p. 609 (1835) ; Blyth, 

 J. A. S. B. xiii, p. 484, xxii, p. 409, note ; id. Cat. p. 24 ; Jcr'don, 

 Mam. p. 24 ; W. Blanf. J. A. S. B. Ivii, pt. 2, p. 26:3. 



Rhinolophus ferrum-eqiiinum, Dobson, P. A. S. B. 1872, p. 208 ; 

 id. Man. As. Chir. p. 53; id. Cat. Chir. B. M. p. 119, partim ; 

 Hufton, P. Z. S, 1872, p. 698; Anderson, Cat. p. Ill, partim 

 Scully, J.A.S. B. Ivi, pt. 2, p. 245 ; nee Schrebcr. 



? Rhmolophus brevitarsus *, Blyth, Cat. p. 24, no description. 



This species, which was by Dobson united to E. ferrum-equinum, 

 resembles that bat closely in all characters except in having three 

 grooves instead of one on the lower lip, as was observed by Blyth 

 (J. A. S. B. xxii, p. 409). The nose-leaf is considerably broader as 

 a rule, but there is some variation in this respect. In structure, 

 with the above exception, colour and dimensions the characters 

 of the last species apply to the present. Pubic teats greatly 

 developed. 



Distribution. The Himalayas from Mussoorie to Sikhini, and from 

 a moderate elevation to 6000 or 7000 feet. 



Habits. According to Hodgson this bat emerges from the rock- 

 cavities in which it passes the day sooner in the evening than the 

 Vespertilionidce and always in considerable numbers. It is not 

 migratory and does not hibernate. It breeds once in the year 

 towards the close of summer and produces two young. 



The only Asiatic Ehinolophi not found in India are two Western 

 forms, E. euryale and E. blasii, E. acuminatus known only from 

 Java, and two Philippine species. The remaining members of the 

 genus are African or Australian, mostly the former. 



* Founded on a dried specimen in bad condition, perhaps referable to R. 

 minor (see Dobson, Cat. As. Chir. p. 197, no. 197). 



