VESPERUGO. 311 



above the middle of the inner margin, which is straight ; outer 

 margin very convex above, tip rounded ; at the base of the outer 

 margin a pointed lobe, and above it a second very small projection, 

 indistinct in some specimens. 



Muzzle broad and flat, nostrils opening on a level with the 

 muzzle. Wings from the base of toes. Postcalcaneal lobe well 

 developed, rounded. Last caudal vertebra free. 



Upper incisors nearly equal in length, inner bifid ; the outer cusp 

 smaller, directed inwards, and disappearing with age. Lower 

 incisors overlapping each other. First upper premolar small, quite 

 internal to the tooth-row, but visible from without. 



Colour of fur black or dark sooty brown, the hairs on the back 

 behind the shoulders and on the lower parts with light grey tips. 

 Membranes black ; ears, nose, and skin of face the same. 



Dimensions. Head and body 1*9 inches, tail 1*6, ear from crowu 

 0-35, forearm 1'55. 



Distribution. India (Kumaun, Sind, Allahabad, Deccan, Khasi 

 hills, Assam) and Java. Probably throughout the Oriental region, 

 replacing the Palaearctic V. maurus (or V. savii), which is a smaller 

 species, widely distributed from the Canary Isles to China. 



184. Vesperugo affinis. The chocolate Bat. 



Pipistrellus affinis, Dobson, P. A. S. B. 1871, p. 213. 



Vesperugo affinis, Dobson, Man. As. Chir. p. 102 ; id. Cat. Chir. B. 



M. p. 220 ; Anderson, An. Zool Res. p. 100, pi. iv, figs. 7, 8 ; id. 



Cat. p. 128. 



Ears broad, rounded, outer margins without emargination or 

 lobe, inner margins convex ; a small tubercle with long hairs between 

 the end of the outer margin and the angle of the mouth. Tragus 

 with the inner margin straight; outer margin convex above, and 

 having a small pointed lobe at the base, tip rounded. 



Head flat; glands at the side of the muzzle much developed so as 

 to produce a depression in the middle of the face behind the 

 nostrils ; anterior portion of face almost naked. The nostrils open 

 sublaterally. Wing-membrane from the base of the outer toe, 

 which is shorter than the others. Feet small. Tail long, of nine 

 vertebra), the last free. Upper incisors nearly equal in leugbh : 

 lirst upper premolar minute, internal. 



Colour of fur chocolate-brown above, lighter on the head and 

 neck ; below dark brown, with light brown or ashy tips ; on the 

 pubes and along the thighs white or very pale buff. 



Dimensions. Head and body 1-9 inches, tail 1'65, ear from base 

 of outer margin 0-6, forearm 1-55. 



Distribution. Bhamo, Upper Burma. A single specimen, now m 

 the Indian Museum, Calcutta, was obtained by Dr. Anderson. 



The above description is that of Dobson, slightly condensed. 

 This bat is distinguished from V. mordax by colour, by the want ot 

 a notch in the outer ear-margin, and by the number of caudal 

 vertebrae. 



