VESPERTILIO. 337 



the interfeinoral membrane at the end of the calcaneum. The last 

 caudal vertebra free. 



Upper incisors subequal, diverging, all bifid. The first upper 

 premolar is twice the height of the second, and scarcely one third 

 the height of the third ; the first two slightly internal. 



Colour of fur brown, more or less rufescent above, greyish below, 

 basal portion of hairs dark brown or black throughout. 



Dimensions. Head and body 1*8 inches, tail 1/55, ear from 

 crown 0-5, forearm 1-35. These are from a Nepal specimen, 

 European individuals as a rule are smaller. 



Distribution. Throughout the greater portion of the Palsearctic 

 region, extending to the Himalayas, where, however, this species 

 has hitherto been found in Nepal and Sikhim only. Scully states 

 that it is one of the commonest species in the Nepal valley. 



Habits. The whiskered bat is generally found in hollow trees, 

 wooden roofs, &c. It flies swiftly, often over water, and appears 

 early in the evening. 



~X 



212. Vespertilio nmricola. The mustachioed Bat. 



Vespertilio adversus, Temminck, Mon. Mam. ii, p. 221; Blyth, 



J. A. S. B. xxi, p. 346 ; id. Cat. p. 35 ; Jerdon, Mam. p. 45 ; Hwttan, 



P. Z. S. 1872, p. 710 ; nee Horsfield. 

 Vespertilio muricola, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. x, p. 908 (no description) ; 



Gray, Cat. Mam. Sfc. Nepal and Thibet, 1846, p. 4 ; Dobson, Mon. 



As. Chit: p. 134 ; id. Cat. Chir. B. M. p. 316 ; Anderson, Cat. 



p. 142 ; Scully, J. A. S. B. Ivi, pt. 2, p. 255. 

 Vespertilio caliginosus, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 73 ; Jerdon, Mam. 



p. 44. 

 Vespertilio (Pternopterus) lobipes, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1867, 



p. 706. 



Vespertilio blanfordi, Dobson, P. A. S. B. 1871, p. 214. 

 Vespertilio moupinensis, A. Milne-Edwards, Rech, Mam. p. 253, 



pis. xxx vii A, xxxvii c. 



Muzzle narrow; face covered with long hair, on the glandular 

 area between each eye and nostril and on the upper lip the cover- 

 ing is thin, though the hairs are very long ; only the tip of the 

 nose is naked. The ears laid forward reach the 

 nostrils, the tips are narrowly rounded, the inner 

 margin of the ear-conch is straight for a third of 

 its length below the tip, then convex, straight again 

 towards the base, the angle of the basal lobe some- 

 what rounded ; outer margin deeply concave with 

 Fig. 109. Ear of a wavy outline below the tip and for about a third 

 V. muricola. o f its' length, then convex, slightly emarginate 

 JS?r T'M?*' opposite the base of the tragus and ending in a 

 short, distinct, convex lobe. Tragus pointed, the 

 inner margin slightly concave, outer with a well-defined lobe at 

 the base, then strongly convex to above the broadest part of the 

 tragus, and thence sloping in a moderately convex curve to the 

 end. 



