346 EMBALLONURIDjE. 



front of it there is a deep frontal hollow between the eyes. Ears 

 separate and of moderate length ; varying but little in shape in the 

 different species ; the tips are bluntly pointed or rounded ; the inner 

 margin of the ear-conch rises as a low band from between the eye 

 and the frontal hollow, and is straight or slightly convex, and the 

 outer margin is faintly notched opposite the base of the tragus and 

 ends in a convex lobe, terminating behind the angle of the mouth, 

 and halfway between it and the base of the tragus. The tragus 

 is short and shaped like half a dumbbell, the upper termination 

 expanded and convex, the sides concave. The lower lip is as long 

 as the upper and terminated by a triangular naked area more or 

 less deeply furrowed in the middle. 



The tail perforates the interfemoral membrane about the middle, 

 and the last three or four vertebras are usually found extending 

 free beyond, but they are capable of being partially withdrawn as 

 if into a sheath. 



Dentition : i. i^, c. ~. pm. ij^f, m. 'j^. The premaxillaries 



4 ' 1 1" * 2 2" 3 3 



are cartilaginous, and the upper incisors are minute and are generally 

 wanting in adult animals. The upper canines are closer together 

 than in most bats and separated from the second premolar on each 

 side by a space, in the middle of which the small first premolar is 

 seen, only just appearing above the gum. Second upper premolar 

 higher than the molars. Last upper molar very small. Lower 

 incisors tricuspid, overlapping slightly. 



Several of the species have a glandular gular sac, in some cases 

 confined to the male, in others occurring in both sexes, between 

 the rami of the lower jaw, occupying about half the space. In 

 many of the species also a small band of membrane passes from 

 the inferior surface of the forearm near its distal extremity to the 

 proximal extremity of the fifth metacarpal bone, so as to form with 

 the wing-membrane a small pouch termed by Dobson the radio- 

 inetacarpal pouch. 



The genus ranges throughout the greater portion of the Ethio- 

 pian, Oriental, and Australian regions, and the southernmost part 

 of the Palsearctic. Five species occur within Indian limits. 



Synopsis of Indian, Ceylonese, and Burmese Species. 



a. A radio-rnetacarpal pouch present ; lower lip 



scarcely grooved, 

 a'. No gular sac in either sex. 



a". Fur of back extending on to base of 



interfemoral membrane ; forearm 2'5. T. melanopoyon, p. 347. 

 b". Interfemoral membrane quite naked, 

 a'". The abdomen hairy throughout; 



forearm 3 T. theobaldi, p. 348. 



b'". The lower abdomen naked; fore- 

 arm 2-95 T. kachhensis. p. 349. 



&'. A gular sac present in males, rudimentary 

 but represented by a naked area in 



