484 v BOVID^E. 



tropical or subtropical, and was regarded by Blyth as probably 

 African. No ancestral form has been discovered amongst Indian 

 fossil bovines, which, as already mentioned, comprise species allied 

 to the gaur and buffalo. Humped cattle have run wild at times 

 in many parts of India (Oudh, Eohilcund, Surat, Mysore, Nellore, 

 Char Sidbi, at the mouth of the Megna, &c. : see Blyth, J. A. S. B. 

 xxix, p. 288, and Jerdon, Mam. p. 301). 



338. Bos gaurus. The Gaur. 



Gour, Trail, Edinb. Phil. Jour, xi, p. 334 (1824). 



Bos gaurus, Ham. Smith, Griffith's Cuv. An. Kingd. iv, p. 399 



(1827) ; Evans, J. A. S. B. vi, p. 223, pi. xvi; Elliot, J. A. S. B. 



x, p. 579 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi, p. 444, xxi, p. 433, xxxi, p. 336 ; 



id. Mam. Birds Burma, p. 47 ; W. Blanf. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 592, 



pi. xlix; W. Sdater, Cat. p. 124. 



Bos gour and B. gavseus, Hardivicke, Zool. Jour, iii, p. 233 (1828). 

 Bibos subhemachalus, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. vi, p. 499 (1837). 

 Bibos cavifrons, Hodgson, J. A. 8. B. vi, p. 747 (1837), x, p. 449, pi., 



xvi, p. 706 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi, p. 588 ; Elliot, Mad. Jour. L. S. 



x, p. 227 ; Horsfield, Cat. p. 181. 

 Bos gour, Cantor, J. A. S. B. xv, p. 272. 

 Bibos asseel, Horsfield, Cat. p. 181 (1851). 

 Gavjeus gaurus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxix, p. 282; id. Cat. p. 161 ; 



Jerdon, Mam. p. 301. 



Gaur, Gauri-gai, H. ; Gdydl, in Orissa, &c. ; Gaor $ , Gaib $ , in 

 Chutia Nagpur (commonly Ban-boda, Ban-parra, Han-hila, Ran-pado, 

 Jangli-khulga, and even Ban-bhainsa and Arna, all signifying wild buffalo, 

 in various parts of the Peninsula) ; Sainal, Hokol ; Gaviya, Mahr. ; Pera- 

 Mao, Gond. in the South ; Katu-erimai, Tarn. ; Karkona, Karti, Kard- 

 yemme, Kard-korna, Doddu, Can. ; Karthu, Paothu, Mai. ; Mithan, 

 Assam ; Seloi, Chittagong ; Pyotmg, Burmese ; Saladang, Malay. The 

 Bison or Indian Bison of European sportsmen. 



General form massive ; body deep, limbs and hoofs small. Ears 

 large. A high ridge along the anterior half of the back termi- 

 nating abruptly about halfway between the shoulder and the tail, 

 and caused by the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebrae being 

 long and those of the lumbar vertebrae short, the change in length 

 taking place suddenly. Skull bearing a high ridge, convex on the 

 vertex between the horn-cores ; in front of this ridge the forehead 

 is deeply concave. Horns considerably flattened towards the 

 base, curved throughout; the tips turned inwards and slightly 

 backwards. Thirteen pairs of ribs. Tail just reaching the hocks. 

 No distinct dewlap. Hair short, very thin on the back in old 

 bulls. 



Skulls from the Duars of Bhutan, the Mishmi hills, and the 

 Malay Peninsula are much broader in proportion across the fore- 

 head than those from the Indian Peninsula; but I cannot say 

 whether the broad-headed type is aloue found east of the Bay of 

 Bengal. I think not. There is in the fine collection presented by 

 Mr. Hume to the British Museum a very broad skull from Salem", 



