506 



Colour in summer rich reddish brown, in winter grey ; hair of 

 the body long, white at the base with brown tips, lower parts paler, 

 sometimes whitish ; carpus and tarsus with a dark stripe in front, 

 tail dark brown. The young are greyish brown throughout, with 

 a darker stripe down the back. Beard black in front, light grey 

 behind, said in the young to be black throughout. Old males in 

 summer look whitish throughout. 



Dimensions. An old Gilgit male measured by Colonel Biddulph 

 was 38-5 inches high, and 55 from between the horns to the root 

 of the tail. Much longer dimensions are given by other writers. 

 A skull measures 10 inches in basal length, 11'25 in extreme 

 length, and 7'5 in orbital breadth. The length of the horns varies 

 in different varieties. 



Fig. 164. Head of C. Jalconeri, Astor 

 var. (Copied from the figure of the type in 

 Hiigel's ' Kaschroir.') 



Fig. 165. Head of C.fakoneri, Pir 

 Panjal Tar. (Copied from Kinloch'a 

 ' Large Game Shooting.') 



Distribution. The Pir Panjal ranges south of Kashmir (not east 

 of the Chenab) and the ranges of Baltistan, Astor, and G-ilgit to the 

 north. Hazara, and many of the hill ranges of Afghanistan, 

 amongst others the Suleman range as far south as Gendari Hill 

 near Mithankot, also Takatu and Chehiltan near .Quetta. 



Varieties. Throughout the Bovidce no species varies to so great 

 an extent in the form of the horns as the markhor, and those who 

 have seen but two or three varieties naturally regard them as be- 

 longing to distinct species. Four varieties are worthy of notice : 



1. The true Cajara falconeri of Astor and Baltistan. (Fig. 164.) 



