520 BOTID.E. 



Tetracerus chickara, quadricornis, subquadricornutus, iodes, and 

 paccerois, Hodgson, Cole. Jour. N. H. viii, pp. 89, 90 (1847) ; id. 

 J. A. S. B. xvi, p. 695. 

 Tetracerus subf|uadricornutus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 117 ; Sclafer, 



P. Z. S. 1875, p. 527. 



Chousingha, Chouka, Dodrt,H.; Benkra^Iahr.; Bhokra, Phokra,Guzr.', 

 Bhirki, at Saugor ; Shir, Gond ; Bhirul, Bheel : Kotari, Chiitia Naprpur ; 

 Kurus, Gonds of Bastar ; Konda-yori, Tel, ; Kondyuri, Kaulla-kuri, Can. ; 

 commonly in the Deccan Jangli bakri. 



Fur thin, harsh, and short. Tail above with longer hair than 

 on the body. 



Colour dull pale brown, with a more or less rufous tinge above, 

 passing gradually on the sides and limbs into the white of the 

 lower parts. A dark stripe down the front of each leg, broadest 

 on the fore limbs ; muzzle and ears outside also dark. A dark 

 stripe down the back in some specimens, probably young. 



Dimensions. Height of a male at shoulder 25| inches, at croup 

 27 ; length from muzzle to rurap 42, tail (? without hair) 5, ear 4|. 

 Weight 43 Ib. Females are rather smaller. Basal length of a 

 large male skull 6-5, orbital breadth 3'2. The posterior horns are 

 usually 3 to 4 inches long, the anterior 1 to 1| ; maximum recorded 

 lengths 4-5 and 2-5. 



Distribution. Along the base of the Himalayas from the Punjab 

 to Nepal, aud probably in most parts of the Peninsula where the 

 country is wooded and hilly, but not in dense jungle. The four- 

 horned antelope is not found in the Gangetic plain nor on the 

 Malabar coast in the Madras Presidency. It is said by Mr. Murray 

 to be found in Sind ; it is common in the wooded parts of 

 Eajputana, throughout the Bombay Presidency, the Central 

 Provinces, and the northern parts of Madras, less abundant 

 to the eastward in Chhattisgarh, Chutia Nagpur, Bengal, and 

 Orissa, and to the southward in Mysore, but it occurs in the latter 

 State occasionally, and has been observed on the Nilgiri and Palni 

 hills. It is unknown in Ceylon and east of the Bay of Bengal. 

 In jungle this species and hog-deer (Cervus pordnus) may easily 

 be mistaken the one for the other, and some recorded localities of 

 the latter may be due to this circumstance. 



Varieties. In the Madras Presidency the anterior horns are said 

 to be but rarely developed, and certainly fully adult animals 

 occur without any, and with only small projections on the 

 skull. But I can see no other difference ; the skulls, whether the 

 anterior horns are developed or not, are precisely similar in form 

 and scarcely differ in size. In the case of a male that I obtained 

 young in Nimar and that was kept alive by a friend in Bombay, 

 the anterior horns did not appear till the third year, although the 

 posterior horns were well developed early in the second. Doubtless 

 many of the two-horned individuals seen are young. Blyth 

 {J. A. S. B. xvii, p. 560) came to the conclusion that the two- 

 horned form is merely a variety ; and after reading all that has 

 been written by McMaster and Sterndale on the subject, I agree 

 with him. 



