CBRTUS. 535 



and lachrymal bones. The suborbital glands are large ; interdigital 

 variable. A moderate-sized muffle. A tuft of hair generally on 

 the outer surface of the metatarsus above the middle. Phalanges 

 of the lateral digits present. 



Vertebrae: C. 7, D. 13, L. 6, S. 4, C. 11-14. 



Synopsis of Indian, Geylonese, and Burmese Species. 



A. Each horn in adults normally with more than 



three tines. 



a. Brow and bez tines present ; usually a pale 



caudal disk C. cashmirianus, p^3o. 



b. Brow tine, no bez ; no caudal disk. 



a'. Brow tine and beam meet at a right angle. C. duvauceli, p. 538 . 

 b'. Brow tine forming a continuous curve 



with beam C. eldi, p.541 . 



B. Each horn in adults normally with three tines. 



a. Never spotted ; large, height 48 to 56 inches. C. unicolor, p.G43 . 



b. Always spotted ; height 30 to 38 inches . . C. axis, p. g48 . 



c. Spotted in summer only ; height less than 



30 inches C. porcinus, p.549 . 



The members of this genus, like those of Bos, have been divided 

 amongst several genera by many naturalists, but the differences 

 are scarcely of generic importance, and the number of intermediate 

 forms between the best-marked types, such as Red Deer and 

 Sarnbar, renders it difficult to separate them. Of the Indian 

 species, G. cashmirianus alone belongs to the Elaphine group, or 

 true Cervus, which comprises the European Eed Deer (C. elaphus) 

 and the American Wapiti (G. canadensis). The other Indian species 

 belong to the Eusine group, with a large muffle and no bez tine, 

 and have been distributed amongst several small genera, G. unicolor 

 being the type of Rusa, G. duvauceli of Rucervus, G. eldi of Panolia, 

 G. axis of Axis, and G. porcinus of Hyelaphus, the last species 

 having also been referred alternately to Rusa and Axis. 



Indian fossil forms are not numerous. G. unicolor, G. axis, 

 G. porcinus, and perhaps G. duvauceli, are represented in the 

 Pleistocene beds of the Peninsula, and three extinct forms, one 

 allied to G. duvauceli, in the Pliocene Siwaliks. 



364. Cervus cashmirianus. The KasJtmir Stay. 



" Kashmir Stag/' Blyth, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 79 ; id. J. A. S. B. x, p. 750, 



plate, tigs. 8, 9 ; xxiii, p. 734. 

 Cervus cashmerensis, Falconer, apud Gray, List Ost. Spec. B. M. 



p. 65 (1847) (no description) ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 529 ; 



Lydekker, J. A. S. B. xlvi, pt. 2, p. 280 

 Cervus wallichii, Wagner, HugeFs Kaschmir, iv, p. 5/6; Blyth, 



J. A. S. B. xxx, p. 188 ; id. Cat. p. 146 ; Jerdon, Mam. p. 250 j 



nee Cuv. Hist. Nat. Mam. pi. 356 (1823). 

 Cervus cashmeerianus, Falconer, Pal. Mem. i, p. 57(3 (1868) ; Sclater, 



Tr. Z. S. vii, p. 339, pi. xxx ; Brooke, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 912 ; 



Scully, j. A. S. B. Ivi, p. 76 ; W. Sclater, Cat. p. 184. 

 Hanyal, Honglu,3, Minyamar $, Kashmir ; Bdrasingha,H.. 



