CEEVUS. 543 



367. Cervus unicolor. The Sdmbar or Rusa Deer. 



Middle-sized and Great Axis, Pennant, Hist. Quad. p. 106 (1781). 

 Cervus unicolor and C. albicornis, Bechstein, Allqem Uebers d 



vierfus. Thiere, i, p. 112 (1799). 

 Cervus niger, Blainv. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1816, p. 76, teste Blyth, J. A. 



S. B. xi, p. 449. 

 Cervus hippelaphus, Cuv. Oss. Foss. ed. 2, iv, p. 40, pi. v, figs. 31- 



35, 42 (1823) ; Duvaucel, As. Res. xv, p. 157, pi. i (1825) ; Elliot, 



Madr. Jour. L. S. x, p. 220 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi, p. 449, xx, 



p. 174 ; ? Brooke, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 903 ; W. Sclater, Cat. p. 179. 

 Cervus equinus, Cuv. ibid. p. 45, pi. v, figs. 37, 38, 46 (1823) ; Suites, 



P. Z. S. 1831, p. 104 ; Brooke, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 901. 

 Cervus aristotelis, Cuv. Oss. Foss. ed. 3, iv. p. 503, pi. xxxix, fig. 10 



(1825) ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi, p. 449 ; Brooke, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 901 ; 



W. Sclater, Cat. p. 176. 



Cervus leschenaultii, Cuv. ib. p. 506, pi. xxxix, fig. 9 (1825). 

 Cervus (Rusa) hippelaphus, unicolor, aristotelis, and equinus, Ham. 



Smith, Griffith's An. Kingd. iv, pp. 105-112 (1827). 

 Cervus jarai, Hodgson, Gleanings in Sc. iii, p. 321. pi. xxi (1831) ; 



id. J. A. S. B. i, pp. 66, 115, pi. v. 

 Rusa jaraya, nepalensis, and heterocervus, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. x, 



p. 914 (1841) (no descriptions). 



Axis pennantii, Gray, List Mam. B. M. p. 180 (1843). 

 Rusa aristotelis, Gray, List Mam. B. M. p. 179; Blyth, Cat. p. 150 ; 



id. Mam. Birds Burma, p. 45 ; Jerdon, Mam. p. 256 ; Gilbert, 



Jour. Bomb. N. H. Soc. iii, p. 224. 

 Rusa hippelaphus, Kelaart, Prod. p. 83. 

 Rusa equina, Cantor, J. A. S. B. xv, p. 271. 



Sdmbar, Sdmar, H. ; Jarao rf , Jarai , Nepal ; Mahd, Terai ; Meru, 

 Mahr. of Ghats ; Ma-ao, Mauk, Gond ; Sdram, Ho-Kol ; Kadave, Kadaba, 

 Can. ; Kennadi, Tel. ; Eadumai, Tarn. ; Gona Rusa, Cing. ; Gous, Gaoj, 

 Bhalongi 5 , E. Bengal ; Khdt-khowa-pohu, Assam ; Sacha, Daphla ; 

 Tshat, Burmese ; Takhau, Hseukhau, Kheu, Karen ; Rusa, Rusa-etam, 

 Malay. 



The largest Indian deer. Ears large. Hair coarse. Neck and 

 throat of the adult male covered with long hair forming an erectile 

 mane. Muffle large. Orifices of infraorbital glands very large 

 and capable of eversion. Tail moderate. Interdigital glands 

 wanting, according to Hodgson. Molars markedly hypsodont, 

 with small accessory columns. A deep lachrymal fossa ; auditory 

 bulla slightly inflated and rugose. Horns each normally with but 

 three tines and very rarely bearing more, irregular points or sports 

 being less common than in most deer ; the brow-antler meets the 

 beam at an acute angle ; the two upper tines generally subequal 

 in Indian heads, but very variable in form and proportion. 



Colour almost uniform dark brown throughout, sometimes greyer, 

 sometimes with a slight yellowish tinge, scarcely paler below. 

 Females and young paler and more rufous than males. Chin, 

 inside of the limbs near the body, lower surface of the tail, and 

 inner part of the buttocks yellower, sometimes dull yellowish 

 white. Young not spotted at any stage. Some old males are very 

 dark-coloured, almost black or dark slaty grey. 



