552 



have well-developed phalanges. No infraorbital or iuterdigital 

 glands. A peculiar sac-like gland in the male, situated beneath 

 the skin of the abdomen, immediately in front of the preputial 

 aperture. This is the musk-gland. Campbell (J. A. S. B. vi, 

 p. 118) and Hodgson (op. cit. x, p. 795) have described another 

 gland with an elliptical orifice on each side beneath the tail, also 

 peculiar to the male. Vertebrae : C. 7, D. 14, L. 5, S. 5, C. 6. 



The anatomy has been described by several writers, especially 

 Pallas (Spic. Zool. xiii, 1779), Campbell and Hodgson U. c., 

 Flower (P. Z. S. 1875, p. 159), and Garrod (P. Z. S. 1877, p. 287). 



Several species have been proposed on account of differences in 

 coloration, but these distinctions appear due to individual varia- 

 tion. Recently Biichner has described an additional species from 

 Kansu, east of Tibet, as M. sifanicus. 



370. Moschus moschiferns. The Music-deer. 



Mosclius moschiferus, L. Si/st. Nat. i, p. 91 (1766); Hutton, 

 J. A. S, B. vi, p. 935 ; Hodgson, J. A. S. B. xvi, p. 693, xvii, 

 pt. 2, p. 486 ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 528 ; Bhjth, Cat. p. 157 ; 

 Jerdon, Mam. p. 266; A. Milne-Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) ii, 

 p. 154, pi. iv, fig. 1 ; id. Rech. Mam. p. 176, pis. xix, xx ; Blanford, 

 J. A. S. B. xli, pt. 2, p. 39 ; Lydekker, J. A. S. B. xlvi, pt. 2, 

 pp. 286, 287, xlix, pt. 2, p. 4 ; Scully, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 209 ; 

 W. Sclatcr, Cat. p.172. 



Musk-deer, Hodgson, Gleanings Sc. iii, p. 320, pi. xxi (young). 



Moschus chrysogaster, leucogaster, and saturatus, Hodgson, J. A. 



S. B. viii, p. 203, xi. p. 285. 



Kastura, Mushk, H. ; Rdos, Rons, Kashmir ; La, Ldica, Tibetan ; 

 Ribjo, Ladak ; Bena, Masak ndba, Garhwal and Kumaun. 



Hair of peculiar texture long, coarse, brittle, minutely wavy, 

 and composed of a substance resembling pith. Limbs long, the 

 hinder considerably the longer. Hoofs narrow, pointed ; lateral 

 hoofs greatly developed. Ears large. Tail very small, glandular, 

 and marked with a terminal tuft in males, hairy in females. The 

 canines in the male are frequently 2 to 3 inches in length. 



Colour rich dark brown, more or less speckled and mottled with 

 grey, the hairs having a subterrniual white ring and blackish tips. 

 The basal three-fourths or more of the hair on the body is white. 

 Lower parts and inside of limbs paler ; chin, inner borders of ears, 

 and inside of thighs whitish ; a white spot in some (the young ?) 

 on each side of the throat. Some individuals are paler, others 

 yellowish in tint. Hodgson's variety cJirysogaster is described as 

 bright sepia-brown above, sprinkled with golden red, and the lower 

 parts golden red or orange. Adams describes another form as 

 " very dark on the upper parts with black splashes on the back 

 and hips, underparts white or a dirty white." This corresponds 

 to Hodgson's leucogaster. Others, he says, " are of a yellowish 

 white all over the upper parts, with the belly and inner sides of 

 the thighs white." Jerdon mentions a Kashmir variety with 



