596 



of the limbs covered with large imbricate scales ; lower surface of 

 head and body, sides of head, and inner surface of limbs scaleless, 

 scantily covered with hair. Generally there are a few coarse hairs 

 between the scales. All the toes bear slightly curved claws, those 



Fig. 197. Skull and lower jaw of Manis pentadactyla. 



on the fore feet longer than those on the hind, third claw the 

 longest on all feet, claws of pollex and hallux short. In walking, 

 the dorsal surfaces and outer sides of the phalanges belonging to 

 the two outer digits of the fore feet rest on the ground, so that the 

 animal walks with its fore toes doubled under the feet. The hind 

 feet are plantigrade and, as a rule, rest on the ground normally. 



The skull is of very peculiar shape ; it is rounded behind, and 

 diminishes gradually in front, being almost conical ; it is quite 



Fig. 198. Lower jaw of Manis pentadactyla, from above. 



smooth, without any crests. The zygomatic arch is imperfect, 

 there being no malar bone. There is no distinction between the 

 orbits and the temporal fossae. Palate long and narrow, produced 

 far backwards ; the pterygoids extend backwards to between the 

 tympanics, each of which forms a small crescentic bulla. Kami of 

 mandible very slight and straight, without angle or coronoid process, 

 but each ramus bears anteriorly on its upper border a small pointed 

 process projecting outwards. No clavicles. No third trochanter 

 to the femur. lingual phalanges bifid distally. Two pectoral 

 mammae. Stomach with thick muscular walls, especially towards 

 the pyloric end, and with a special gland near the middle of the 

 great curvature. A gall-bladder present. 



The Pangolins or Scaly Auteaters are burrowers and live entirely 



