CONTENTS. 



PEEFACE v 



I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 



1. THE POSITION OF MAMMALS IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. . 1 



2. PHENOMENA OF CONVERGENCE 14 



3. THE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MAMMALS . . . 30 



4. THE EXTENSION OP PAL^EONTOLOGICAL SCIENCE SINCE 



CUVIER 45 



5. THE STRATA. OF THE TERTIARY FORMATION . . . . 77 



II. SPECIAL COMPARISON OF THE LIVING 

 MAMMALS AND THEIR ANCESTORS. 



1. THE MONOTREMA, CLOACAL OR FORKED ANIMALS . . 86 



2. THE MARSUPIALS <J3 



3. THE EDENTATA, OR ANIMALS POOR IN TEETH . . .110 



4. THE UNGULATA, OR HOOFED ANIMALS 126 



PAIR-HOOFED ANIMALS. 



1. The Suidae, or Pigs 137 



2. The Hippopotamus, or Elver Horse . . . . 144 



3. The Euminants 150 



4. Camels 154 



5. Deer and their Kindred Forms .... 158 



6. Hollow-horned Animals, Antelopes and Oxen . . 173 



