DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS. 37 



(Chelys finibriata) in its connection with the lower 

 arm (fig. 1). The two hollow bones of the fore- 

 arm running parallel with each other are the 

 radius (s) on the thumb-side, and the ulna 

 (E). Then -comes the root of the hand, consisting 

 of nine separate little bones, to know which in 

 detail is part and parcel of the A B C of the study 

 of the Mammalia. The first, r (radiale), lies close 

 to the radius, a second, u (ulnare), stands in the 

 same relation to the ulna. Between the two is a 

 connecting bit i (intermedium}, and in the curve 

 formed by the three is the little central bone c 

 (centrale). The five other parts of the root of the 

 hand, 1, 2, 8, 4, 5 (carpalia), belong each to one of 

 the fingers, or rather to the five parts belonging to 

 the middle hand (metacarpus), i, n, m, iv, v, before 

 the actual fingers. The foot with the shank shows 

 precisely the same construction in number and 

 position of the parts. 1 There would be no need 

 to give these names in the example chosen, had not 

 the inquiry and naming proceeded from the anatomy 



Hand Foot 



1 Radius, Spoke Tibia, Shinbone 



Ulna, Ell Perone, Fibula 

 Carpus, Root of the hand Tarsus, Root of the foot 



Metacarpus, Middle of Metatarsus, Middle of the 



the hand Foot 



Digits, Fingers Toes. 



