THE CETACEA, OR WHALES. 255 



' There are numerous points in the structure of 

 whales which bring them much closer to the hoofed 

 animals than to the beasts of prey for instance, 

 the complex stomach, the simple liver, the respi- 

 ratory organs, but mainly the reproductive organs, 

 and the stages relating to the development of the 

 foetus. Even the skull of Zeuglodon, which we 

 admitted shows a certain likeness to that of the 

 sea dog, shows as much agreement with that of the 

 earliest pig-shaped ungulates, except in the purely 

 adaptive character of the form of the teeth.' The 

 objection raised that whales are flesh-eaters, while 

 most of the Hoofed Animals are true plant-eaters, 

 has been very properly refuted by Prof. Flowers, 

 who points to the former predominance of omni- 

 vorous animals, and shows that, with the exception 

 of the Pigs, which have remained most faithful to 

 the ancient type, the Omnivora became more and 

 more true grass-eaters, while the others developed 

 a taste in an opposite direction. Regular flesh- 

 eaters can either not accustom themselves to 

 vegetable food at all, or only in cases of emergency 

 as we ourselves see daily with the cat or dog 

 whereas we not unfrequently find instances of 

 the contrary. Cattle eat dried fish with evident 

 relish during a northern winter, as is well-known ; 



