1936] 



MAMMALS AND LIFE ZONES OF OREGON 15 



sendii, nevadensis, coliAnibianus, and quadratus], the desert fox, a 

 little spotted skunk, and several species of bats. It has long been the 

 winter range of the antelope, mountain sheep, and mule deer. 



BREEDING BIRDS 



The Upper Sonoran Zone is characterized by such breeding birds 

 as the cinnamon teal, white-faced glossy ibis, black-necked stilt, 

 mourning dove, burrowing owl, Arkansas kingbird, ash-throated 

 flycatcher, Say's phoebe, Bullock's oriole, western lark sparrow, sage 

 sparrow, Brewer's sparrow, long-tailed chat, catbird, rock wren, 

 canyon wren, and long-tailed chickadee. 



REPTILES 



This zone is further characterized by such reptiles as the Oregon 

 rattlesnake (Crotalus confluentus oreganws and Iwtosw) Heermann's 

 and desert gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer heermanni and deserti- 

 cola), western striped racer (Coluber taeniatus), western collared 

 lizard (Crotapkytus collaris baileyi), leopard lizard (0. wislizenii) , 

 western brown-shouldered uta (Uta stansburian^i) , sagebrush swift 

 (Sceloporus graciosus), two horned toads (Phrynosoma douglassii 

 and platyrhinos) , and the desert whip-tailed lizard (Cnenddophorus 

 iessellatus) . 



The greater number of species as well as individuals of reptiles of 

 the State are found in Upper Sonoran Zone, a smaller number in 

 Transition Zone, and practically none in higher zones. 



PLANTS 



The plant life characterizing the Upper Sonoran Zone east of the 

 Cascades is largely of desert types, among which desert shrubs are 

 most conspicuous. Along the river valleys the hackberry (Celtis 

 dowglasii) , a few willows (Salix amygdalcndes and argophylla) , and 

 wild currants (Ribes awewn) are common, and over the dry slopes 

 are found a few junipers (Juniperus occidentalis} , which, with the 

 bitterbush (Purshia tridentata) and sagebrush (Artemisia tridenta- 

 ta) , reach into the Transition Zone above. Other conspicuous plant 

 indicators of the zone are greasewood (Sarcdbatus vermiculatus) , 

 saltbushes (Atriplex canescens, nuttallii and conferti folia), woolly 

 sage (Eurotia lanata) , Dondia depressa, Grayia spinosa, Tetradymia 

 canescens and spinosa, Artemisia pedata, douglasii, and dracuncu- 

 loides, rabbit brush (Chrysothamnus nauseosm and viscidiflorus] , 

 wild sunflower (Helianthus annmvs), serviceberry (Amelanchier 

 utahensis), sumac (Rhu glabra occidentalis) , Mentzelw albicaulis 

 and laewcaulis, wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata), little bluebon- 

 nets (Lupinus brevicaulis, laxiflorus, mediwn, mollis, ornatus, saxosus, 

 and others), prairie clover (Psoralea lanceolata scaora), licorice root 

 (Glycyrrhiza lepidota), plantain (Plantago pwsliii), yellow caper 

 (Cleome lutea), sand dock (Rumex venosus), sandverbena (Abronia 

 mellifera) , wild sage (Ramona incana) , low evening primrose (Pack- 

 ylophus canescens), alfileria (Erodium ricutarium) , ricegrass (Ory- 

 zopsis hymenoides). (See also p. 40.) 



