70 NOBTH AMERICAN FAUNA [No. 55 



and thrive all the year around in deserts where no other stock or 

 game can, and with proper management they would make profitable 

 many areas now only picturesque. Moreover they would add to the 

 picturesqueness of any rocky range, peak, cliff, or canyon wall, or 

 to rough black lava fields and sagebrush basins between where they 

 would find just the food and shelter to their liking. Who would not 

 enjoy living for a part of each year where a magnificent old bighorn 

 could be seen on a cliff above or a band of ewes and young following 

 a heavy horned leader up a terraced wall, bounding upward from 

 ledge to ledge to look back from the skyline above ? To him who has 

 the time, the means, and vision to add such a resource to our national 

 wealth and progress and pleasure the world will owe a debt of 

 undying appreciation. 



Family ANTILOCAPRIDAE: Prong-horned Antelope 

 ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA OREGONA 



OREGON PEONGHORN ; PRONG-HORNED ANTELOPE ; PRONGBUCIK ; AMERICAN 

 ANTELOPE; TE-NA' of the Piute; CHA-O of the Klamath (C. H. M.) 



Antilocapra americana, oregona Bailey, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 45 : 45-46, 1932. 



Type. From Hart Mountain (Mount Warner), Oreg., collected by Luther J. 

 Goldman, September 22, 1914. 



General characters. The pronghorn is about the size of a small deer, very 

 slender, graceful, and swift; horns deciduous, flat, each with one flattened 

 prong and recurved tip ; hoofs simple ; no dewclaws ; tail short ; colors cinnamon 

 buff with strongly contrasted black-and-white markings on head and neck; a 

 rump patch of white is spread at will into a great white rosette or closed down, 

 is small and inconspicuous. Young similar in color to adults with white of sides 

 and rump at first obscured. It is neither a true antelope nor a goat, but belongs 

 to a family of one-pronged deciduous-horned animals, including one species and 

 several geographic subspecies peculiar to North America. 



The Oregon specimens represent a fairly well marked form distinguished as 

 follows: Size about as in Antilocapra americana, or slightly larger, with rela- 

 tively larger feet, longer horns, slightly paler coloration, less black about 

 face and mane, and less white on crown and shoulder stripes. Color of body 

 bright cinnamon brown, becoming dark tawny on mane and pale cinnamon 

 on legs and ears ; muzzle, eyelashes, spots over anterior corner of eyes, edges of 

 ear tips, and in males spot at angle of jaw, black or blackish; forehead dark 

 grayish cinnamon; crown and nape dull gray or dark cinnamon without con- 

 spicuous white markings. 



Skull. Similar to that of americana with slightly larger, more rounded 

 audital bullae. Horns in type specimen very long, slender, and wide-spreading, 

 but in another buck from the type locality about as in average americana. In 

 a large old male from the Carnegie Museum, collected at Hart Mountain, Oreg., 

 September 11, 1927, by O. F. Fuehrer, the horns are very long and broad with 

 moderately heavy basal and lateral knobs or tubercules, less extremely devel- 

 oped than in peninsulae from Baja California, but much more so than in typical 

 americana or meaicana. 



Measurements. Of type: Total length, 1,473 mm; tail, 90 (measured dry) ; 

 hind foot, 431; ear from crown, 155 (measured dry). Skull: Basal length, 

 240; nasals, 94; alveolar length of upper molar series, 70; interorbital width, 

 109 ; outer orbital width, 140 ; occipital width, 84 ; horns from base over curve, 

 379 and 355 (tip gone) ; spread of tips, 400. Hoofs: Hindi hoof, base to tip, 

 63 ; height of front edge, 40 ; width of one heel, 17 ; of both heels, 37. Front 

 foot, base to tip, 66 ; height of front edge, 41 ; width of one heel, 25 ; of both 

 heels, 52. 



Specimens examined from Oregon. Six from Hart Mountain east of Warner 

 Lake, and a skull from Adel, near the south end of Warner Lake. 



