136 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA [No. 55 



They were silent but very active, and a dozen or more caught in traps 

 were all males. The females were evidently remaining at home, but 

 were not inactive, as specimens collected by Cantwell at Sled Springs 

 in the Imnaha Forest on April 26 contained small embryos. At 

 Elgin the writer found females late in May nursing young, but the 

 young are not usually seen out of the nest until well along in June, 

 when nearly half grown. Two to six embryos found in the females 

 examined would indicate a normal number of young in a litter as 4 

 or 5. Whether more than one litter is raised in a season is not 

 definitely known. 



Food habits. During the summer much of their food consists of 

 fruit, berries, green seeds, flowers, and even green foliage, roots and 

 bulbs or tubers, with a mixture of grasshoppers and other insects 

 and small animal life, but later in the season, as seeds, grains, and 

 nutlets ripen, these form more of the food and are stored up for a 

 winter supply. The seeds of conifers are eagerly sought, and grass 

 seeds form a substantial portion of the food and stores. 



The chipmunks do not become very fat in the fall, and the ques- 

 tion of complete or partial hibernation has not been fully determined. 



Eoonomio status. Aside from their possible influence in retarding 

 reforestation and reseeding of forage plants, these chipmunks have 

 little effect upon agriculture or human industries. In camps and 

 forest cottages supplies are easily protected from them. In rare 

 cases a few may have to be destroyed where doing mischief, but this 

 is not difficult. Their value as food for numerous fur-bearing animals 

 and as an attractive form of wildlife generally far outweighs their 

 occasional destructive habits. 



EUTAMIAS AMOENUS LUDIBUNDUS HOIXISTER 

 HOLLISTER'S CHIPMUNK; CANADIAN MOUNTAIN CHIPMUNK 



Eutamias ludibundus Hollister, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 56: 1, 1911. 



Type. Collected at Yellowhead Lake, British Columbia, Canada, by N. 

 Hollister, 1911. 



General characters. Conspicuously larger than E. amoenus with bushier and 

 browner tail, and blacker back stripes. Summer pelage with 5 black, 2 gray, 

 and 2 white stripes on back; sides dull rufous; tail bright rufous with black 

 top and edge, the long hairs tipped with rufous ; feet ochraceous, throat, inside 

 of legs, and middle of belly whitish. 



Measurements. Average of typical specimens: Total length, 217 mm; tail, 

 96 ; hind foot, 33.5 ; ear, 12.2. 



Distribution and habitat. These chipmunks range from the Rocky 

 Mountains of northern Alberta and British Columbia southward 

 along the Cascades to Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and O'Leary 

 Mountain in Oregon (fig. 22). Specimens from the east slope of 

 the Cascades, from Wapinitia, Warm Springs, and Mill Creek, show 

 the nearest approach to typical E. ludibundus, but all of the Oregon 

 specimens are more or less intermediate in characters. They are 

 the small chipmunks of the Mount Hood and the northern Cascades 

 in Oregon, most abundant in the yellow pine forests of the lower 

 slopes, but also ranging to near timber line at Cloudcap Inn and to 

 the top of the range on McKenzie Pass. They are not often found 

 in dense forests but prefer the half -open timber, old burns, and 

 lava fields. 



