352 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA [No. 55 



reaches north to Beswick, Calif., and may come into the southern edge of 

 Oregon, it is slightly smaller and much paler. 



Measurements. Two adult males from McCloud, Calif., measure : Total length, 

 178 and 170 mm ; tail, 36 and 32 ; foot, 21 and 21. One adult male from Fre- 

 mont, Oreg., measures 166; 31; 22. Weight of male 83 g, of female 78 g 

 (Grinnell, Dixon, and Linsdale, 1930, p. 446). 



Distribution. South-central Oregon, northeastern part of Cali- 

 fornia, and adjacent parts of Nevada, in Transition and Upper 

 Sonoran Zones (fig. 81). They are found generally in the mellow 

 soil of the open valley country of this semiarid region but do not 

 extend into the real desert country. 



General habits. In the Klamath section mole ridges are occasion- 

 ally found near the edges of the meadowlands, and even in the yellow 

 pine timbered bottoms along the shores of Upper Klamath Lake. In 

 1896 Preble found fresh ridges near Lost River and at Fort Klamath 

 the ridges were seen in the sandy flats. In 1897 they were found 

 common on the Applegate ranch in Swan Lake Valley, a few around 

 Christmas Lake, and on sandy ridges 35 miles farther north. At Fre- 

 mont in 1914 Luther J. Goldman reported them as not common, but 1 

 specimen was secured from a fresh burrow at the edge of the foot- 

 hills, where it was throwing up little heaps of earth. Another was 

 obtained by Stanley G. Jewett at Fort Rock, near there, in 1923. 

 Near Ashland, in the Rogue River Valley, in 1914, Goldman caught 

 1 in a wet place near the valley bottom, and 2 others in pocket-gopher 

 burrows on dry ground. 



In habits there seems to be little difference between the different 

 species of moles in this western group, except as the type of country 

 varies, and with it the animal's relations to various soil and food 

 conditions. Mole hills are generally found on heavy, moist land, 

 while on mellow-soil land the ridges are generally all there is to 

 indicate the presence of the little burrowers. In many if not most 

 of the localities this subspecies is found occupying light or sandy soil. 



SCAPANUS LATIMANUS ALPINUS MERRIAM 

 MAZAMA MOLE 



Scapanus alpinus Merriam, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 2 : 102, 1897. 



Type. Collected at Crater Lake, Mount Mazama, Oreg., August 18, 1896, 

 by Vernon Bailey. 



General characters. About the size of large specimens of latimanus but much 

 paler in coloration, indistinguishable in color from (Hiatus, but larger and with 

 relatively long and narrow skull. Color of type specimen in worn pelage, drab 

 gray with a slight buffy or brassy tinge along the back and on the throat. 



Measurements. The type and only known specimen, an adult male, measured : 

 Total length, 188 mm ; tail, 38 ; foot, 24.5. 



Distribution and habitat. The type and only known specimen was 

 collected on August 18, 1896, on the south slope of Mount Mazama 

 at an altitude of 7,000 feet, and a few hundred feet below the present 

 site of the hotel at the rim of Crater Lake (fig. 81). On this steep 

 warm slope of half barren pumice sand the mole runways were fairly 

 common at the time the type specimen was taken, but no general 

 distribution could be more than assumed from this one locality. Mole 

 ridges were common on the pumice slopes north of Crater Lake, 

 and Preble found burrows a few miles west of the summit on the 

 Medford road. Others were found around Mount McLoughlin 



