1936] MAMMALS OF OREGON 391 



Leo Simon, a careful bird student of Portland, told the writer of 

 seeing a large number of large light-colored bats flying around the 

 tower of one of the churches in that city early in the evenings about 

 the middle of August 1927. The good description of size and color 

 given indicates that these bats are of this genus and the date would 

 indicate a breeding colony. More specimens of these bats are greatly 

 needed from the western Oregon Transition Zone valleys, as the 

 present scanty material does not warrant more than a provisional 

 decision on their subspecific status. 



General habits. During the daytime these large pale bats usually 

 hide away in caves, cracks of the rocks, hollow trees, inside of old 

 buildings, hollow walls, under roofs, or any dark cover where they 

 are well concealed and protected. At early dusk they begin to come 

 out and usually fly directly to the nearest still water where they 

 drink by repeatedly dipping to the surface, then begin their searcn 

 for insect food. A part of their food is captured on the wing, but 

 unlike most bats they feed extensively on many flightless forms of 

 insects and small creeping things that are captured on the ground. 

 The Grinnells, Heller, Howell, and Hatt have given interesting evi- 

 dence of their feeding on scorpions, Jerusalem crickets, grasshoppers, 

 sphinx moths, beetles, and other large insects that fly or walk and 

 also show that the bats usually bring the larger insects to definite 

 feeding spots where they hang up to eat them at leisure, leaving 

 telltale heads, legs, and wings on the floor below. This does not 

 necessarily mean that smaller insects are not snapped up and eaten 

 on the wing, as is often indicated by the zigzag hunting flight of 

 the bats, even though their flight is less quick and erratic than that 

 of most species. 



Breeding Jiabits. Old females collected in May and up to the 

 close of June usually contain 1 or 2 embryos each and have the 2 

 mammae arranged 1 on each side of the breast, just back of the wing 

 base. Apparently the females gather in colonies in some suitable 

 safe retreat for the breeding season, while the males keep by them- 

 selves in other places or scatter over the country. 



There seems to be no definite evidence as to the date of the mating 

 season, but in California large foetuses about ready for birth have 

 been noted on June 28, and a young bat scarcely able to fly and 

 probably a week or 10 days old was taken on July 7. 



ANTROZOUS PALLIDUS CANTWELLI, SUBSPECIES NOVUM 

 LARGE GRAY BAT 



Type. From Rogersburg, Asotin County, Wash. U. S. National Museum, 

 Biological Survey collection, No. 232362, female adult, collected May 28, 1918, 

 by George G. Cantwell. Original number, 1211. 



General characters. Larger and darker colored than pallidus, with espe- 

 cially darker ears and membranes. Smaller and paler than pacificiis, but with 

 about the same dark-colored ears and membranes and conspicuously smaller 

 skull and lighter dentition. In a way intermediate between the two long 

 recognized forms but not referable to either and with a wide distribution in 

 a different type of country from either. Color of upper parts dull buffy drab, 

 washed with smoky brown; lower parts pale buff or creamy white; ears and 

 membranes dark brown. 



Measurements. Of type, female adult: Total length, 120 mm; tail, 48; fore- 

 arm, 55; foot, 15; ear (dry), 26. Skull, basal length,, 17; zygomatic breadth, 

 13 ; interorbital constriction, 4.3 ; length of upper molar series, 5.5. 



