18 



wards as may be necessary to maintain about it a proper 

 state of moisture. 



The young and smooth twigs among the branches of 

 the mulberry may be passed through a basket or vase 

 perforated at the bottom and filled with earth well manur- 

 ed. The twig must be cut off four or five inches above 

 the vase or basket, and the mold kept in a due state of 

 moisture by frequent waterings. 



When a mulberry tree is well spread and the boughs 

 nearest the ground have not been lopped, some of the 

 branches at the distance of six feet from each other may 

 be bent down and secured in the ground, so thai the ends 

 shall not rise more than six or eight inches above the 

 surface. 



All the layers made in these different ways may be 

 separated from the parent tree in the autumn of the sec- 

 ond year. They may be cut off four inches from the 

 parent trunk, be taken up carefully with their roots and 

 small fibres and placed in the nursery, or permanently 

 established in an orchard. In the nursery they may be 

 set at the distance of six feet from each other, and in the 

 following year, by heading them down, four or five layers 

 may be made from each. By these means one hundred 

 trees may be increased in four years to eighteen hundred ; 

 for the parent trees, after the layers are separated from 

 them, being replaced in a straight position, secured to a 

 prop, manured, and watered, generally retrieve their 

 strength and make productive trees. 



TRANSPLANTING FOR HEDGES. 



After standing in the nursery a suitable time, the trees 

 may be transplanted for making hedges. I prefer trans- 



