about the same distance from each other as for setting 

 apple trees, and be made eighteen inches deep and three 

 or four feet in diameter. The bottoms of these holes 

 may be covered with a few inches of fresh mold. The 

 young tree should be placed in its proper range, ascer- 

 tained by a stake at each extremity of the line, and it 

 should be held there till its roots are well covered with 

 friable and well manured earth, free from stones, and 

 must be well trodden down and watered, if necessary ; a 

 small cavity round the stem to retain the rain is very 

 proper. Two or three dressings a year with a hoe and 

 manuring occasionally may be of essential advantage. 



GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



In grafting it is essential to adapt the bark of the scion 

 at its extremity to the bark of the stock, and to place the 

 scion on the northerly side in order that it may be less ex- 

 posed to be withered and dried by the sun. Budding 

 should be performed with the same care as in other fruit 

 trees in order to insure success. But these and many of 

 the modes of improving and propagating the mulberry, 

 which have been resorted to in Europe, will be unneces- 

 sary in this country. With us, land is so cheap and la- 

 bor so high, that the easy and convenient mode of propa- 

 gating by seed will be chiefly resorted to, and no essen- 

 tial permanent advantage will result to us from grafting 

 or budding, except in propagating the rare varieties. 



The imperfections in the form and growth of the trees 

 may be remedied by a judicious pruning, once in two 



