LITOSIPHON. 43 



Between tide-marks, on stones and the larger Algse ; also in 4 15 

 fathom water in muddy bays. Annual. Summer. All round the coast. 

 Fronds 8 16 inches to 6 feet in length, half an inch to 2 or 6 inches in 

 diameter, suddenly contracted at base into a cylindrical stem, inflated, here 

 and there occasionally contracted, of an oblong, linear or club-shaped out- 

 line, a semi-transparent, delicately membranous substance and pale olive 

 colour, adhering to paper. Dots of fructification very minute, roundish, 

 densely scattered over the surface. 



8. A. echinatus, Mert. ; frond cylindrical, obtuse, linear, 

 gradually tapering at base. Grev. Alg. Br. p. 50. A.jistu- 

 losus, Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 277 ; Wyatl, Alg. Danm. No. 7. 

 Ulvafal. t. 642 ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. cxciv. ft. vermicu- 

 laris, Griff. ; frond setaceous, filiform, twisted. A. vermicu- 

 laris, Moore, Ord. Survey, Londonderry, Bot. p. 9 ; j3. 

 Wyatt, Alg. Danm. No. 207. 



Rooks between tide-marks ; common. Annual. Summer and autumn. 

 |3. Torquay, Mrs. Griffiths. Very variable in size ; the fronds from two 

 inches to two feet in length, and from the thickness of a hog's bristle to 

 half an inch in diameter, linear, more or less tapered at base. Dots of 

 fructification crowded, and often completely covering the surface. /3, which 

 is usually as slender as a bristle, and at most scarcely a line in diameter, 

 might easily pass, at first sight, for a distinct species, but there are inter- 

 mediate sizes between it and the normal state. Enccelium Lyngbyanum, 

 Grev. Crypt, t. 290, represents a large variety of this species. 



XII. LiTOSifHON. Harv. [Plate 8, D.] 



Frond unbranched, cylindrical, filiform, cartilaginous, sub- 

 solid, at length tubular, composed of several rows of cells ; 

 the surface areolated. Fructification : solitary or aggre- 

 gated naked spores, scattered irregularly over the surface of 

 the frond. Name, AJTOJ, slender, and a-i^uv, a tube. 



1. C. pusillus, Carm. ; fronds tufted, thread-shaped, very 

 long, equal in diameter throughout, reticulated, clothed with 

 pellucid hairs ; spores scattered. Asperococcus pusillus, 

 Carm. Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 277 ; Wyait, Alg. Danm. No. 58 ; 

 Harv. Man. ed. 1, p. 35 ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. cclxx. 



Parasitical on Chorda filum. Annual. Summer. Fronds 2 6 inches 

 long, as thick as a hog's bristle, straight or curled, densely covering the 

 fronds of the Chorda in patches 1 2 feet or more in length. Spores oval, 

 prominent, scattered, or one or two together. 



2. C. Laminaria, Lyngb. ; fronds stellately tufted, short, 

 subulate, tapering to an obtuse point, smooth, transversely 

 banded, the bands close together ; spores four or more in 

 each transverse band. Bangia Laminar i<e, Hook. Br. Fl. 

 \\.p. 316; Harv. Man. ed. \,p. 172. 



