142 PHYLLOPHORA. 



mous, flat or curled ; segments wedge-shaped, very variable 

 in breadth ; apices truncate, sub-emarginate, or cloven, axils 

 obtuse ; sori concave on one side. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 129, t. 

 15 ; Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 302 ; Wyatt, Alg. Danm. Nos. 118 

 and 119; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. Ixiii. Fucus crispus, E. 

 Bot. t. 2285. 



On rocky sea shores, very common. Perennial. Spring. Fronds densely 

 tufted, 2 10 inches high, narrow and sub-cylindrical at base, but soon 

 becoming flat, repeatedly forked, very variable in breadth ; segments from 

 I 4 lines wide, flat or curled ; the axils generally rounded. Sori oval, 

 imbedded in the frond, prominent on one side and concave on the other, 

 containing minute cruciate tetraspores. Colour, various shades of purple 

 or greenish ; in shallow pools near high-water mark, generally yellow or 

 pale green. Substance horny when dry. This is the Carriyeen, or Irish 

 Moss of the shops. 



2. C. norvegicus, Gunn. ; frond linear, dichotomous, flat, 

 the axils patent, the apices rounded ; favellidia minute, im- 

 bedded in the substance ; nemathecia prominent, sessile, 

 scattered over both surfaces of the frond. Grev. Alg. Brit, 

 p. 130 ; Wyatt, Alg. Danm. No. 120 ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 

 clxxxvii. ; E. Bot. t. 1080. 



Rocky shores near low-water mark, rare. Annual ? September to 

 March. Chiefly in the south of England and Ireland. Saltcoals, Rev . 

 D. Landsborough. Fronds 2 3 inches high, with a cylindrical stem from 

 a quarter to half an inch long, thence flat, 1 or 2 lines wide, and repeatedly 

 dichotomous. Favellidia (very rare, and hitherto only found by Mrs. 

 Griffiths), about the size of poppy-seed, imbedded in the frond, containing 

 a mass of minute spores. Warts or nemathecia common, roundish, nearly 

 a line in diameter, scattered over the frond, composed of beaded filaments. 

 Substance thinner than in C. crispus. Colour a deep, rather dull, blood- 

 red. 



V. PHYLLOPHORA. Grev. [Plate 18, A.] 



Frond stipitate, rigid-membranaceous, proliferous, nerve- 

 less or with a vanishing nerve, cellular ; cells minute, angu- 

 lar, gradually smaller towards the surface. Fructification : 

 1, tubercles (favellidia ?) scattered over the frond, contain- 

 ing masses of minute spores ; 2, warts (nemathecia} seated 

 on the frond, composed of radiating, moniliform filaments, 

 whose lower articulations are at length converted into spores; 

 3, tetraspores, collected into sori, either towards the apex of 

 the frond, or in proper leaflets. Name, from <pu\tov, a leaf, 

 and <popsu, to bear. 



1. Ph. rubens, L. ; stem very short, expanding into a sub- 

 linear, simple or forked, membranaceous, obscurely mid- 



