PHYLLOPHORA. 143 



ribbed frond, which is repeatedly proliferous from the surface ; 

 tubercles sessile, wrinkled, or crested with sinuous folds ; 

 warts concealed under leafy processes. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 

 135, t. 15; Hook. Br. FL ii. p. 303; Wyatt, Alg. Danm. 

 No. 29 ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. cxxxi. Fucus rubens, E. Bot. 

 t. 1053. 



On rocks, &c. near low-water mark. Perennial. Winter. Not un- 

 common on the shores of England and Ireland ; more rare in Scotland, 

 and chiefly on the western shores. Fronds tufted, 3 8 inches long , stem 

 minute, cylindrical, gradually expanding into a liuear-wedged-shaped, 

 simple or forked frond, furnished at base with a faint midrib, and one or 

 two inches long, from the surface of which, near the tips of the segments, 

 springs a second frond similar to the primary, but generally more repeatedly 

 dichotomous, and this bears from its apices new fronds in like manner ; 

 apices blunt. Substance membranaceous, rather rigid, not adhering to 

 paper. Colour a fine, deep, blood-red. Tubercles minute, scattered over 

 the frond, with a thick, opaque, wrinkled skin, containing a mass of minute 

 spores. Nemathecia immersed in the bases of little leafy processes, plen- 

 tifully borne by the surface of distinct plants. 



2. Ph. membranifolius, Good, and Woodw. ; stem cylin- 

 drical, filiform, branched ; the branches expanding into 

 broadly wedge-shaped, membranaceous, two-lobed or dicho- 

 tomous segments ; tubercles roundish, on short stalks arising 

 from the stem. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. clxiii. ; Grev. Alg. Brit, 

 p. 131 ; Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 302 ; Wyatt, Alg. Danm. No. 

 76. Fucus membranifolius, E. Bot. t. 1965. 



On rocky sea shores between tide-marks, frequent. Perennial. October 

 to March. Fronds 3 12 inches high; stem cylindrical, filiform, irregu- 

 larly branched, the branches expanding into wedge-shaped or fan-shaped, 

 dichotomously cleft, flat, membranaceous frondlets, about an inch in length, 

 and more or less divided. Tubercles borne on short stalks by the branches. 

 Nemathecia also frequently occur on the froudlets, where they form long 

 deep red spots, composed of beaded filaments. The substance of the stem 

 is cartilaginous, of the frondlets membranaceous. 



3. Ph. Brodicei, Turn. ; root a small disk ; stem cylindri- 

 cal, filiform, branched, the branches expanding into oblong, 

 cuneiform, simple or forked, flat, membranaceous frondlets, 

 which are proliferous from their extremity ; nemathecia ses- 

 sile on the tips of the segments. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. xx. 

 (excl. fig. 2, 3, 4) ; Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 133 ; Hook. Br. Fl. ii. 

 p. 303. Fucus Brodiai, E. Bot. t. 1966. 



On rocks in the sea, rare. Perennial. Spring. Eastern coast of Scot- 

 land, frequent, Mr. Brodie, Mr. Stewart, Dr. Greville, fyc. Mouth of the 

 Bann, Co. Dewy, Mr. D. Moore. Belfast Bay, Mr. W. Thompson. 

 Frond 1 8 inches high ; stem cylindrical, variable in length, simple or 

 branched, its branches expanding into oblong, flat, forked or simple, 



