DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 



199 



spread along the lymphatics which are here trans- 

 verse to the intestine. The typhoid germ produces 

 an ulcer whose long axis is parallel to that of the 

 intestine. 



Brunner's Glands. These are branched tubular 

 glands whose bodies are situated in the submucosa 

 and whose ducts 

 pass through the 

 muscularis mucosa 

 to open between or 

 into the crypts of 

 Lieberkiihn. They 

 are confined to the 

 duodenum, partic- 

 uarly the upper 

 part. Occasionally 

 they may be found 

 in the pyloric end 

 of the stomach. 

 The cells resemble 

 those of the pyloric 

 glands, being cylin- 

 drical and finely 

 granular. B run- 

 ner's glands are 

 easily recognized, 

 as they are the only 

 glands that lie in 

 the submucosa. 



2. Submucosa. 

 The submucosa 



does not differ from the same layer already described 

 in the wall of the stomach. 



Fig. 148. Longitudinal section of 

 duodenum near pyloric end, showing 

 glands of Brunner. 



