CHAPTER VII. 

 THE URINARY ORGANS. 



The following organs will be considered under this 

 topic: Suprarenal glands, Kidney, Ureter, and Blad- 

 der. The urethra will be described in connection 

 with the generative organs. 



THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS. 



The suprarenals, morphologically, belong to the 

 nervous system, but their close proximity to the 

 kidneys makes it advisable to describe them here. 

 They are two triangular flattened organs covered 

 with fat that lie one on either side of the spine, in 

 close proximity to the upper kidney border. The left 

 one is slightly larger and measures from one and 

 one-fourth to one and one-half inches from above 

 downward, one and one-fourth inches from side to 

 side, and one-sixth to one-eighth inch in thickness. 



Embryologically, the organs consist of a cortical 

 part that develops in connection with the Wolffian 

 body and therefore comes from the mesoderm, and a 

 medulla which is associated with the sympathetic 

 nervous system and is derived, at least in part, from 

 the ectoderm. The medulla decomposes very rapid- 

 ly after death, and the organ then resembles a cap- 

 sule; hence the name, suprarenal capsule, is often 

 used. 



