HEMIPTERA. 153 



of the skin is made. The adult insects wander about on 

 herbage and trees. They have the power of leaping well. 

 The name frog-hoppers has doubtless grown out of the fact 

 that formerly the froth was called "frog-spittle," and was 

 supposed to have been voided by tree-frogs from their 

 mouths. The name is not, however, inappropriate, for the 

 broad and depressed form of our more common species is 

 something like that of a frog. 



In this family the antennae are inserted in front of and 

 between the eyes ; the prothorax is not prolonged back of the 

 abdomen (as in the Membracidae) ; and the tibiae 

 are armed with one or two stout teeth, and the 

 tip crowned with short, stout spines, as shown in 

 Figure 187. This figure represents the most com- 

 mon spittle insect of the Eastern United States, l^Ll 

 ApJirophora guadrangu/aris (A-phroph'o-ra. quad- 

 ran-gu-la'ris), and one of its tibiae greatly enlarged. 



*\ 



Family 



The Leaf-hoppers. 



The most abundant members of the Homoptera, except 

 perhaps the Aphids, are the leaf-hoppers. Large numbers 

 of them can be easily collected by sweeping grass, herbage, 

 or the foliage of shrubs. 



The leaf-hoppers are more slender than the spittle insects, 

 and are also distinguished by the form of the 

 hind tibiae, whicli are nearly or quite as long as 

 ^ le a bdomen, curved, and armed with a row of 

 spines on each margin (Fig. 188). 

 FIG. m.-proco- Among the leaf-hoppers that have attracted 

 attention on account of their injuries to vegeta- 

 tion are the following: The destructive Leaf-hopper, Cicaditla 

 cxitiosa (Ci-cad'u-la ex-it-i-o'sa), which is represented greatly 

 enlarged by Figure 189, sometimes infests winter wheat 

 to a serious extent in the Southern States. The Grape- 



