154 THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 



vine Leaf-hopper, Erythroneura vitis (E-ryth-ro- 

 neu'ra vi'tis), is a well-known pest that infests the 

 leaves of the grape. It is about one-eighth inch 

 in length, crossed by two blood-red bands, and a 

 third dusky one at the apex. It is often improp. 

 erly called the " Thrip" by grape-growers. But 

 the term Thrip or better Thrips should be restricted 

 to members of the order Physopoda. The Rose 

 ^cicad^r*. Leaf-hopper, Empoa roses (Em'po-a ro'sae), is also a 

 (FromThe well-known pest, as it often swarms on the leaves 

 ReponTd? of roses, doing great damage. Its presence is 

 usually indicated by numerous white cast skins 

 adhering to the lower side of the leaves. 



The leaf-hoppers can be destroyed by a strong solution 

 of soap, or with kerosene emulsion. In vineyards, where the 

 use of these substances would injure the fruit, they can be 

 trapped by two persons carrying a screen covered with 

 tarred paper on one side of a row of vines, while a third per- 

 son walking on the other side of the row frightens them 

 from the vines on to the screen. Dead leaves and other 

 rubbish, among which these insects hibernate, should be 

 burned during the winter. 



Family MEMBRACID^; (Mem-brac'i-dae). 



The Tree-hoppers. 



Nature must have been in a joking mood when tree- 

 hoppers were developed, for these little creatures are most 



FIG. 190. Tree-hoppers. 



